Al-Sabur Raheem, Khalaf Hassanein I, Świerczyńska Aleksandra, Rogalski Grzegorz, Derazkola Hesamoddin Aghajani
Mechanical Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah, Basrah 6100, Iraq.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Jun 14;15(12):4214. doi: 10.3390/ma15124214.
In this study, the effects of the traverse and rotational velocities of the noncontact shoulder tool on the heat generation and heated flux during the friction stir joining of high-density polyamide 6 (PA6) polymer were investigated. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was employed to simulate the thermomechanical phenomena during the friction stir joining (FSJ) process of PA6. A developed model was used to consider the void formation and thermochemical properties of PA6. The surface and internal heat flow, material flow, and geometry of the joint were simulated, and an experimental study evaluated the simulation results. The simulation results indicated that the stir zone formed was smaller than regular joints with a noncontact shoulder tool. Despite the polymer's traditional FSJ, heat generation and material flow do not differ significantly between advancing and retreating sides. On the other hand, the surface flow is not formed, and the surface temperature gradient is in a narrow line behind the tool. The material velocity increased at higher rotational speed and lower transverse velocity and in the stir zone with more giant geometry forms. The maximum generated heat was 204 °C, and the maximum material velocity was predicted at 0.44 m/s in the stir zone, achieved at 440 rpm and 40 mm/min tool velocities.
在本研究中，研究了非接触式肩部工具的横向和旋转速度对高密度聚酰胺6（PA6）聚合物搅拌摩擦焊接过程中热量产生和热通量的影响。采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法模拟PA6搅拌摩擦焊接（FSJ）过程中的热机械现象。使用一个开发的模型来考虑PA6的空隙形成和热化学性质。模拟了接头的表面和内部热流、材料流动以及几何形状，并通过实验研究评估了模拟结果。模拟结果表明，使用非接触式肩部工具形成的搅拌区比常规接头小。尽管是聚合物的传统FSJ，但前进侧和后退侧之间的热量产生和材料流动没有显著差异。另一方面，未形成表面流动，表面温度梯度在工具后方呈窄线分布。在更高的转速、更低的横向速度以及具有更大几何形状的搅拌区中，材料速度增加。预测搅拌区产生的最大热量为204℃，最大材料速度为0.44m/s，在工具速度为440rpm和40mm/min时达到。
