Ankener Werner, Böttger David, Smaga Marek, Gabi Yasmine, Strass Benjamin, Wolter Bernd, Beck Tilmann
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Fraunhofer-Institute for Nondestructive Testing (IZFP), Campus E31, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jun 11;22(12):4428. doi: 10.3390/s22124428.
The paper addresses the investigation of microstructures from AISI 52100 and AISI 4140 in hardened as well as in quenched and tempered conditions. The specimens are compared in terms of their magnetic hysteresis and their microstructural and mechanical properties. Material properties were determined by hardness, microhardness, and X-ray diffraction measurements. Two different approaches were used to characterize magnetic properties via a hysteresis frame device, aiming, on the one hand, to record the magnetic hysteresis with established proceedings by setting a constant magnetic flux and, on the other hand, by offsetting a constant field strength to facilitate reproducibility of the results with other micromagnetic measurement systems. Comparable differences in both the micromagnetic and the mechanical material properties could be determined and quantified for the specifically manufactured specimens. The sensitivity of the magnetic hysteresis and, determined from that, the relationship between magnetic flux and magnetic field strength were confirmed. It was shown that a consistent change in hysteresis shape from hardened to high temperature tempered material states develops and that this change allows the characterization of different materials without the need to adjust magnetization parameters. Repeatedly, an increase in remanence with decreasing hardness was found for both test approaches. Likewise, a decreasing coercivity and increasing maximum magnetic flux could be detected with decreasing retained austenite content. The investigated correlations should thus contribute to the calibration of comparable measurement systems through the holistic characterized specimens.
本文探讨了AISI 52100和AISI 4140在淬火以及淬火回火状态下的微观结构。对试样的磁滞特性、微观结构和力学性能进行了比较。通过硬度、显微硬度和X射线衍射测量来确定材料性能。使用两种不同的方法通过磁滞框架装置来表征磁性，一方面，通过设置恒定磁通量，用既定程序记录磁滞；另一方面，通过抵消恒定场强，以便于与其他微磁测量系统的结果具有可重复性。对于特定制造的试样，可以确定并量化微磁和机械材料性能方面的可比差异。证实了磁滞的灵敏度以及由此确定的磁通量与磁场强度之间的关系。结果表明，从淬火态到高温回火态的材料，磁滞形状会持续变化，并且这种变化使得无需调整磁化参数就能对不同材料进行表征。两种测试方法均反复发现，随着硬度降低，剩磁增加。同样，随着残余奥氏体含量的降低，可以检测到矫顽力降低和最大磁通量增加。因此，所研究的相关性应有助于通过全面表征的试样对可比测量系统进行校准。
