Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Åbo Akademi University, Finland.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2022 Dec;36(4):1251-1258. doi: 10.1111/scs.13098. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
In this article, Katie Eriksson's theory of caritative caring ethics and the theory of evidence, are described. Both theories are anchored in caritas, that is love, mercy and compassion. The theory of caritative caring ethics was first described by Eriksson in 1995, where seven assumptions or basic categories were elaborated. These were: the human being's dignity, the care relationship, invitation, responsibility, virtue, obligation or duty, and good and evil. Eriksson's theoretical contribution is that she makes a distinction between caring and nursing ethics, between inner and external ethics, and between natural and clinical ethics. Concerning the theory of evidence, Eriksson claims that a multidimensional scientific view of evidence in caring that focuses on the patient's world is necessary and vital. To see, realise, know, attest and revise constitute the ontological definitions of the concepts of evidence and evident. The theories are united by the core concepts of testimony and witnessing the human being's suffering. Eriksson points out that it is in the ethical acts that deeds are formed, based on ethos. The anchorage in an ethos means to have firm value-loaded judgements of an inner motive. Moreover, the anchorage in ethos presupposes a personal and natural ethic. The good deeds are realised in the relationship between the patient and the carer, but the caring ethics is not a professional or external ethics. Caring ethics is an ontological inner ethics meaning fellowship and the right to exist, but it is the patient's world and reality that decides the foundation and starting point for caritative caring ethics in clinical practice. The ultimate purpose and goal of caring are to guarantee the patient's dignity and absolute value as a human being.
本文介绍了凯蒂·埃里克森（Katie Eriksson）的关爱伦理关怀理论和循证理论。这两个理论都以仁爱、怜悯和同情为基础。关爱伦理关怀理论最初由埃里克森于 1995 年提出，其中阐述了七个假设或基本类别。它们分别是：人的尊严、关怀关系、邀请、责任、美德、义务或职责，以及善与恶。埃里克森的理论贡献在于，她区分了关怀伦理和护理伦理、内在伦理和外在伦理、自然伦理和临床伦理。关于循证理论，埃里克森声称，需要并重视一种关注患者世界的关爱多维科学证据观。见证和见证人类苦难构成了证据和明显概念的本体论定义。这两个理论的核心概念是见证和见证人类的苦难。埃里克森指出，正是在伦理行为中，基于伦理道德，才形成了行为。在一种伦理道德中的定位意味着对内在动机有坚定的、充满价值观的判断。此外，在伦理道德中的定位还预设了一种个人的和自然的伦理道德。善举在患者和护理者之间的关系中得以实现，但关爱伦理道德不是一种专业的或外在的伦理道德。关爱伦理道德是一种本体论的内在伦理道德，意味着伙伴关系和生存权利，但它是患者的世界和现实，决定了关爱伦理道德在临床实践中的基础和起点。关爱关怀的最终目的和目标是保障患者作为人的尊严和绝对价值。
