Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Mol Med. 2023;23(8):748-761. doi: 10.2174/1566524022666220624111311.
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats system, called CRISPR, as one of the major technological advances, allows geneticists and researchers to perform genome editing. This remarkable technology is quickly eclipsing zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and other editing tools, and its ease of use and accuracy have thus far revolutionized genome editing, from fundamental science projects to medical research and treatment options. This system consists of two key components: a CRISPR-associated (Cas) nuclease, which binds and cuts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and a guide ribonucleic acid (gRNA) sequence, directing the Cas nuclease to its target site. In the research arena, CRISPR has been up to now exploited in various ways alongside gene editing, such as epigenome modifications, genome-wide screening, targeted cancer therapies, and so on. This article reviews the current perceptions of the CRISPR/Cas systems with special attention to studies reflecting on the relationship between the CRISPR/Cas systems and their role in cancer therapy.
成簇规律间隔短回文重复系统（CRISPR）作为主要技术进步之一，使遗传学家和研究人员能够进行基因组编辑。这项卓越的技术正在迅速取代锌指核酸酶（ZFNs）和其他编辑工具，其易用性和准确性迄今为止已经彻底改变了基因组编辑，从基础科学项目到医学研究和治疗选择。该系统由两个关键组件组成：CRISPR 相关（Cas）核酸酶，它结合并切割脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和指导核糖核酸（gRNA）序列，指导 Cas 核酸酶到达其靶位点。在研究领域，CRISPR 已经与基因编辑一起以各种方式得到了利用，例如表观基因组修饰、全基因组筛选、靶向癌症治疗等。本文综述了 CRISPR/Cas 系统的当前认知，特别关注反映 CRISPR/Cas 系统及其在癌症治疗中的作用的研究。
