Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Sep 1;317:115459. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115459. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
Since the air pollution and noise generated from fireworks are related to air quality and human health, the regulatory bodies had implemented the eco-friendly "Green Crackers" in megacity Delhi, India, to celebrate Diwali 2019 with the permission of a specific time slot (8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.). The present study was conducted on a residential educational institute campus to evaluate the particle number size distribution (PNSD) of green cracker emissions. During the Diwali event period, the high peak of particle number concentration (PNC) reached 1.7 × 10 # cm with a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of ∼44 nm. The average PNC increment on Diwali day was 138% and 97% compared to pre (October 26, 2019) and post (October 28, 2019) Diwali period, respectively, including 468%, 142%, 65%, 75% on pre-Diwali and 485%, 110%, 32%, 26% on post- Diwali 2019 period in terms of Nucleation mode (10 nm < D < 20 nm), Small Aitken mode (20 nm < D < 50 nm), Large Aitken mode (50 nm < D < 100 nm), and Accumulation mode (100 nm < D < 1000 nm), respectively. Unlike traditional firework emissions, green crackers had a high UFP/N ratio of 0.72, including Nucleation mode-0.35, Aitken mode-0.30, and Accumulation mode 0.35, distinguishing it from other pre-and post-Diwali particle number size distribution-dN/dlogDp curves. These observations indicate that green crackers emit more particles with smaller diameters than traditional crackers. Recommendations for using green crackers for Diwali celebrations may be an option if lower size-diameter particle emission could be controlled by changing the material composition of the green crackers. More research studies need to be conducted to assess atmospheric emissions of green crackers and their health impacts to evaluate whether they are better or worse than traditional crackers.
由于烟花产生的空气污染和噪声与空气质量和人类健康有关，因此，监管机构在印度大都市德里实施了环保型“绿色鞭炮”，以便在特定时间段（晚上 8 点至 10 点）庆祝 2019 年排灯节。本研究在一个住宅教育机构校园内进行，以评估绿色鞭炮排放的粒子数浓度（PNC）粒径分布（PNSD）。在排灯节期间，粒子数浓度（PNC）的高峰达到 1.7×10 # cm，几何平均直径（GMD）约为 44nm。与排灯节前（2019 年 10 月 26 日）和排灯节后（2019 年 10 月 28 日）相比，排灯节当天的平均 PNC 增量分别为 138%和 97%，其中 468%、142%、65%和 75%是在排灯节前，而 485%、110%、32%和 26%是在排灯节后。在核模态（10nm<D<20nm）、小艾肯模态（20nm<D<50nm）、大艾肯模态（50nm<D<100nm）和积聚模态（100nm<D<1000nm）方面，分别为 138%和 97%。与传统烟花排放不同，绿色鞭炮的 UFP/N 比为 0.72，其中核模态为 0.35，艾肯模态为 0.30，积聚模态为 0.35，与其他排灯节前和后粒子数浓度粒径分布-dN/dlogDp 曲线不同。这些观察结果表明，与传统鞭炮相比，绿色鞭炮排放的粒子直径更小。如果可以通过改变绿色鞭炮的材料组成来控制粒径较小的粒子的排放，那么在排灯节期间使用绿色鞭炮可能是一个选择。需要开展更多的研究来评估绿色鞭炮的大气排放及其对健康的影响，以评估它们是否比传统鞭炮更好或更差。
