Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiulong Ave, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363005, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Aug;241:113800. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113800. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
Through the applications of recycling sewage sludge to soils as nutrients, bisphenol A (BPA) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) are commonly found in the agricultural environment. Previous studies have reported that BPA and nanoparticles are harmful to the environment. However, the combined toxicity of both compounds is not yet understood. This work presented an in-depth proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to BPA and TiO-NPs concurrently at environmentally relevant levels. Seeds were simultaneously treated with varying concentrations of BPA (0, 10, 100, and 1000 µg·kg) and TiO-NPs (0, 1, 10 and 100 mg·kg). In treatment of 1000 µg·kg BPA and 100 mg·kg TiO-NPs, highest seed germination rate (87.97%, p < 0.05) was observed. Shorter primary roots but more branched roots were obtained in treatments of high BPA and NPs concentrations (100, 1000 µg·kg BPA and 0, 100 mg·kg TiO-NPs) while no significant effects on plant height and biomass were found. In the comparative analysis, both concentration related positive and negative effects were observed, such as regulation of cell proliferation (positive), root hair elongation (positive), cellular response to oxidative stress (negative), and cell wall organization (negative). In response to the stress caused by BPA and TiO2-NPs, some proteins related to plant root development, such as CD48E, DNAJ2 and GL24, were up-regulated explaining the shorter primary root length and more branched roots. Moreover, Arabidopsis may have stimulated its ability of resource transportation and energy metabolism to overcome the stress and maintain or somehow enhance their growth by up-regulating proteins like TBB6, CALM1, RAA2A, G3PP2 and KASC1. Our comparative proteomics analysis also highlighted multiple biological processes that consequently lead to the stability of plant growth and its stress adaptation. The results demonstrated that applying biosolids to soil as a fertilizer may be considered as a sustainable practice.
通过将污水污泥作为养分应用于土壤，双酚 A（BPA）和二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO-NPs）通常存在于农业环境中。先前的研究报告称，BPA 和纳米颗粒对环境有害。然而，这两种化合物的联合毒性尚不清楚。本工作通过对环境相关水平下同时暴露于 BPA 和 TiO-NPs 的拟南芥进行深入的蛋白质组学分析，对此进行了研究。种子同时用不同浓度的 BPA（0、10、100 和 1000μg·kg）和 TiO-NPs（0、1、10 和 100mg·kg）进行处理。在 1000μg·kg BPA 和 100mg·kg TiO-NPs 的处理中，观察到最高的种子发芽率（87.97%，p<0.05）。在高 BPA 和 NPs 浓度（100、1000μg·kg BPA 和 0、100mg·kg TiO-NPs）的处理中，获得了较短的主根但更多的侧根，而对植物高度和生物量没有发现显著影响。在比较分析中，观察到了与浓度相关的正、负调节效应，如细胞增殖的调节（正）、根毛伸长（正）、细胞对氧化应激的反应（负）和细胞壁组织（负）。针对 BPA 和 TiO2-NPs 引起的应激，一些与植物根发育相关的蛋白质，如 CD48E、DNAJ2 和 GL24，被上调，解释了较短的主根长度和更多的侧根。此外，拟南芥可能通过上调 TBB6、CALM1、RAA2A、G3PP2 和 KASC1 等蛋白质，刺激其资源运输和能量代谢能力，以克服应激并维持或在某种程度上增强其生长。我们的比较蛋白质组学分析还强调了多个生物学过程，这些过程最终导致植物生长的稳定性及其对胁迫的适应。结果表明，将生物固体作为肥料施用于土壤可能被视为一种可持续的做法。
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