Applying finite-time lyapunov exponent to study the tidal dispersion on oil spill trajectory in Burrard Inlet.

This study used a combination of Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) values, residual currents, and tidal excursion lengths to systematically investigate the effects of tidal dispersion on oil spill trajectories in Burrard Inlet, BC, Canada, which is a tidally dominated estuary. The FTLE analysis results showed that tidal type and tidal phase significantly influenced the FTLE fields because the flow structure and the location of saddle points varied as a function of the tidal type and tidal phase. Some transport barriers formed in the Inner Harbour, which blocked the water exchange between the western and eastern parts of the inlet. Moreover, tidal mixing in the wider regions of Burrard Inlet (i.e., the western Outer Harbour) was relatively weak than in the narrower areas (i.e., First Narrows and Second Narrows). The observations from the FTLE analysis agreed well with the residual currents and tidal excursion results. The drifter trajectories were consistent with the Lagrangian coherent structure lines extracted from the FTLE analysis. To verify the tidal dispersion impact on an oil spill trajectory in the inlet, the FTLE fields were compared with a real oil spill that occurred in Burrard Inlet in 2015 (the M/V Marathassa oil spill). The FTLE fields reasonably explained the spilled oil's trajectories from the real event. In addition, a set of stochastic oil spill models were run in this study and found that the FTLE analysis was a reliable tool for oil spill tracking. Overall, the FTLE method would be a valuable addition to practical oil spill response planning.