Lien R J, Cain J R, Beasom S L
Poult Sci. 1987 Jan;66(1):154-61. doi: 10.3382/ps.0660154.
Bobwhites were fed one of several doses (.01 to 1,000 micrograms/day) of estriol (E3), beta-estradiol-3-benzoate (E2B), diethylstilbestrol (DES), or biochanin-A (BA) during two 10-week trials. The initial 2 weeks of each trial were short day length (10L:14D) followed by 8 weeks of long day length (16L:8D). In addition, female bobwhites were given daily injections containing dosages (.01 to 10 micrograms/day) of E2B, E3, and DES while housed on the same light regimen. Reproductive performance as assessed by onset of lay, egg production, and egg fertility was depressed in a dose-dependent manner and was inhibited by dietary dosages of 1,000 micrograms/day of E3, DES, and E2B. No consistent effects on reproductive performance were observed in bobwhites fed up to 1,000 micrograms/day of the phytoestrogen BA. Injected estrogens appeared approximately 100 times more potent than dietary estrogens. It was concluded that both dietary and parenteral estrogen can inhibit reproduction, but in order for phytoestrogen (BA) in natural feedstuffs to impair reproduction in bobwhites it would have to be consumed in excess of 1 mg/day.
在两项为期10周的试验中，向山齿鹑投喂几种剂量（0.01至1000微克/天）的雌三醇（E3）、苯甲酸雌二醇（E2B）、己烯雌酚（DES）或染料木黄酮（BA）中的一种。每项试验的前2周为短日照（10小时光照：14小时黑暗），随后是8周的长日照（16小时光照：8小时黑暗）。此外，将雌性山齿鹑饲养在相同的光照条件下，每天注射含有不同剂量（0.01至10微克/天）的E2B、E3和DES。通过产蛋开始时间、产蛋量和蛋受精率评估的繁殖性能呈剂量依赖性下降，且当日粮中E3、DES和E2B的剂量达到1000微克/天时，繁殖性能受到抑制。在每天投喂高达1000微克植物雌激素BA的山齿鹑中，未观察到对繁殖性能的一致影响。注射雌激素的效力似乎比日粮雌激素高约100倍。研究得出结论，日粮雌激素和注射用雌激素均可抑制繁殖，但天然饲料中的植物雌激素（BA）要损害山齿鹑的繁殖，其摄入量必须超过1毫克/天。
