Department of Economics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230, Ankara, Turkey.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 25;22(1):1256. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13616-9.
Water pipe smoking has become a global public health problem as its popularity increased over time, especially among youth. The objective of our study was to estimate water pipe tobacco smoking prevalence and to assess socioeconomic factors associated with ever water pipe smoking by public and private university students in Ankara, Turkey.
This descriptive study was based on a survey conducted among public (n=2685) and private (n=2485) university students via an online questionnaire on demographics and water pipe consumption patterns. For every student in the sample, a socioeconomic status index was calculated using principal component analysis. Binary logistic regressions for the outcome variable of ever-using water pipe yielded estimates of adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for the associated factors such as the respondent's age, gender, university type, and socioeconomic status.
The prevalence of ever use of water pipe was 69.1% (95% CI: 67.2-70.9%) among private and 59.1% (95% CI: 57.2-60.9%) among public university students. A substantial share of ever users were current users (25.5% in private versus 21.6% in public, p=0.008). On average, private university students had higher socioeconomic status than public university students (for example, access to a car (51.7% versus 35.8%, p=0.008), financial support from family (71.5% versus 65.1%, p<0.001)), also demonstrated by a higher socioeconomic status index. Being a private university student (aOR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.38-1.79), older (aORs 1.50 to 2.39, p<0.001), male (aOR 2.36, 95% CI:2.06-2.70), as well as having greater financial resources, such as having access to a car (aOR 1.24, 95% CI:1.07-1.42), or having income support from family (aOR 1.32, 95% CI:1.13-1.54), were associated with ever-using water pipe. A higher SES index was significantly associated with higher odds of ever using water pipe among both private (aOR 1.13, 95% CI:1.06,1.20) and public university (aOR 1.12, 95% CI:1.06,1.19) students.
Water pipe smoking was common in both public and private universities; however, private university students had higher odds of ever using water pipe. There is an urgent need to implement evidence-based interventions, taking into account the socioeconomic status of young adults, to prevent them from water pipe smoking.
随着水烟的普及度逐渐增加，它已成为全球公共卫生问题，尤其是在年轻人中。我们的研究目的是评估在土耳其安卡拉的公立和私立大学学生中，水烟烟草使用的流行率，并评估与曾经使用水烟相关的社会经济因素。
这是一项基于问卷调查的描述性研究，通过在线问卷对公立（n=2685）和私立（n=2485）大学学生的人口统计学和水烟消费模式进行调查。对于样本中的每个学生，使用主成分分析计算社会经济地位指数。对曾用水烟的结果变量进行二元逻辑回归，得出与年龄、性别、大学类型和社会经济地位等因素相关的调整优势比（aOR）的估计值。
在私立大学学生中，曾用水烟的比例为 69.1%（95%置信区间：67.2-70.9%），在公立大学学生中为 59.1%（95%置信区间：57.2-60.9%）。相当一部分曾经使用者是当前使用者（私立大学为 25.5%，公立大学为 21.6%，p=0.008）。平均而言，私立大学学生的社会经济地位高于公立大学学生（例如，拥有汽车的比例为 51.7%对 35.8%，p=0.008），从经济支持来自家庭的比例（71.5%对 65.1%，p<0.001）也可以看出这一点），这也反映在更高的社会经济地位指数上。私立大学学生（aOR 1.57，95%置信区间：1.38-1.79）、年龄较大（aORs 1.50-2.39，p<0.001）、男性（aOR 2.36，95%置信区间：2.06-2.70），以及拥有更多的经济资源，如拥有汽车（aOR 1.24，95%置信区间：1.07-1.42）或家庭收入支持（aOR 1.32，95%置信区间：1.13-1.54），与曾经使用水烟有关。较高的 SES 指数与私立（aOR 1.13，95%置信区间：1.06，1.20）和公立大学（aOR 1.12，95%置信区间：1.06，1.19）学生中曾用水烟的可能性增加显著相关。
水烟在公立和私立大学中都很常见；然而，私立大学学生更有可能曾经使用过水烟。迫切需要实施基于证据的干预措施，考虑到年轻人的社会经济地位，以防止他们使用水烟。
