Boston University, United States.
Southern Illinois University, United States.
Behav Res Ther. 2022 Sep;156:104152. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104152. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
Process-based therapy (PBT) is model of psychotherapy designed to improve people's ability to use a variety of skills from evidence-based treatments to match environmental needs and personal goals in the moment. This randomized trial tested the effect of an online self-help intervention modeled after PBT principles for participants with perfectionism (N = 77). The intervention comprised two four-session trainings teaching skills from different evidence-based treatments (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy) and targeting cognitive and motivational processes: (1) cognitive training and (2) motivational training respectively. Participants completed 17 assessments throughout the intervention and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Results indicated that the full intervention led to improvement in perfectionism, self-compassion, psychological distress, and cognitive skills targeted by the cognitive intervention (e.g., cognitive defusion; absolute βs = 0.02 to 0.66). In addition, the second four-session training (i.e., training after first four-session training) was associated with improvements in perfectionism, self-compassion, quality of life, and psychological distress (absolute βs = 0.09 to 2.90), suggesting it had incremental benefit. Whereas the cognitive training appeared to specifically impact cognitive processes, the motivational training increased both cognitive and motivational processes. These findings provide initial support for the feasibility and efficacy of a process-based approach, because they show that participants can benefit from learning skills from different orientations and applying them with reference to their goals. However, specific aspects of the PBT model, including whether interventions can precisely improve targeted skills, still need to be empirically tested in larger and more diverse clinical samples.
基于过程的治疗（PBT）是一种心理治疗模式，旨在提高人们在当下使用各种技能的能力，这些技能来自基于证据的治疗方法，以匹配环境需求和个人目标。这项随机试验测试了基于 PBT 原则的在线自助干预对完美主义者（N=77）的效果。该干预包括两个四个疗程的培训，教授来自不同基于证据的治疗方法（例如，认知行为疗法、接受与承诺疗法）的技能，并针对认知和动机过程：（1）认知训练和（2）动机训练。参与者在整个干预过程中以及在 3 个月和 6 个月的随访中完成了 17 项评估。结果表明，完整的干预措施导致完美主义、自我同情、心理困扰和认知技能（例如，认知离解；绝对β=0.02 至 0.66）得到改善。此外，第二个四个疗程的培训（即，在第一个四个疗程培训之后的培训）与完美主义、自我同情、生活质量和心理困扰的改善相关（绝对β=0.09 至 2.90），表明其具有增量效益。虽然认知训练似乎专门影响认知过程，但动机训练增加了认知和动机过程。这些发现为基于过程的方法的可行性和有效性提供了初步支持，因为它们表明参与者可以从学习不同取向的技能和根据自己的目标应用这些技能中受益。然而，PBT 模型的具体方面，包括干预措施是否可以精确地提高目标技能，仍需要在更大、更多样化的临床样本中进行实证检验。
