Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place Général Valérie André, 91223, Brétigny Cedex, France; LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025, Evry, France.
Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place Général Valérie André, 91223, Brétigny Cedex, France; LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025, Evry, France.
Appetite. 2022 Oct 1;177:106144. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106144. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
Heat exposure is thought to reduce energy intake (EI) but studies are sparse and results not always concordant. The aim of this study was to examine whether a 16-h exposure to 32 °C leads to reduced EI compared to a control session (22 °C) and whether modifications in appetite sensations or food reward are implied. Sixteen healthy, lean, and active participants (9 women and 7 men, 25 ± 5 yo, body mass index: 22.0 ± 2.4 kg m) were passively exposed to two different thermal temperatures from 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. under controlled conditions. Hunger and thirst scores were regularly assessed using visual analogue scales. A fixed dinner meal (3670 ± 255 kJ) was consumed at 7:30 p.m. and an ad libitum breakfast buffet (20 foods/drinks varying in temperature, fat, and carbohydrate content) at 7:30 a.m. Components of reward (explicit liking [EL] and implicit wanting [EI]) for fat and sweet properties of food were assessed before each meal using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ). Ad libitum EI at breakfast did not differ between sessions (2319 ± 1108 vs 2329 ± 1141 kJ, in 22 and 32 °C sessions, respectively; p = 0.955). While thirst scores were higher in the 32 than the 22 °C session (p < 0.001), hunger scores did not differ (p = 0.580). EL and IW for high fat foods relative to low fat foods were decreased in 32 compared to 22 °C before dinner and breakfast (p < 0.001 for all). Although EI and hunger were not affected by a 16-h exposure to heat, modifications in food reward suggested a reduction in the preference of high-fat foods. Future research should investigate whether reduced EI in response to heat exposure is due to spontaneous selection of low-fat foods rather than altered appetite sensations.
热暴露被认为会降低能量摄入（EI），但研究较少，结果并不总是一致。本研究旨在探讨 16 小时暴露在 32°C 下是否会导致 EI 低于对照（22°C），以及是否存在食欲感觉或食物奖励的变化。16 名健康、瘦、活跃的参与者（9 名女性和 7 名男性，25 ± 5 岁，BMI：22.0 ± 2.4 kg/m）在受控条件下从下午 4 点到 8 点被动暴露于两种不同的热温度。使用视觉模拟量表定期评估饥饿和口渴评分。晚上 7:30 时摄入固定的晚餐（3670 ± 255 kJ），早上 7:30 时摄入自助餐早餐（20 种食物/饮料，温度、脂肪和碳水化合物含量不同）。在每次餐前，使用利兹食物偏好问卷（LFPQ）评估食物脂肪和甜味的奖励成分（明确喜好[EL]和隐含欲望[EI]）。早餐时的自由能量摄入（EI）在两次会议中没有差异（22 和 32°C 会议中分别为 2319 ± 1108 和 2329 ± 1141 kJ；p = 0.955）。尽管在 32°C 会议中口渴评分高于 22°C 会议（p < 0.001），但饥饿评分无差异（p = 0.580）。与低脂肪食物相比，晚餐和早餐前，高脂肪食物的 EL 和 IW 在 32°C 下相对于 22°C 降低（所有 p < 0.001）。尽管热暴露 16 小时并未影响 EI 和饥饿感，但食物奖励的变化表明对高脂肪食物的偏好降低。未来的研究应该调查对热暴露的反应中降低的 EI 是否是由于自发选择低脂肪食物而不是改变的食欲感觉。
