Rafaqat Shumaila, Ali Naeem, Torres Cesar, Rittmann Bruce
Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
RSC Adv. 2022 Jun 9;12(27):17104-17137. doi: 10.1039/d2ra01831d. eCollection 2022 Jun 7.
Globally, textile dyeing and manufacturing are one of the largest industrial units releasing huge amount of wastewater (WW) with refractory compounds such as dyes and pigments. Currently, wastewater treatment has been viewed as an industrial opportunity for rejuvenating fresh water resources and it is highly required in water stressed countries. This comprehensive review highlights an overall concept and in-depth knowledge on integrated, cost-effective cross-disciplinary solutions for domestic and industrial (textile dyes) WW and for harnessing renewable energy. This basic concept entails parallel or sequential modes of treating two chemically different WW , domestic and industrial in the same system. In this case, contemporary advancement in MFC/MEC (METs) based systems towards Microbial-Electro-Fenton Technology (MEFT) revealed a substantial emerging scope and opportunity. Principally the said technology is based upon previously established anaerobic digestion and electro-chemical (photo/UV/Fenton) processes in the disciplines of microbial biotechnology and electro-chemistry. It holds an added advantage to all previously establish technologies in terms of treatment and energy efficiency, minimal toxicity and sludge waste, and environmental sustainable. This review typically described different dyes and their ultimate fate in environment and recently developed hierarchy of MEFS. It revealed detail mechanisms and degradation rate of dyes typically in cathodic Fenton system under batch and continuous modes of different MEF reactors. Moreover, it described cost-effectiveness of the said technology in terms of energy budget (production and consumption), and the limitations related to reactor fabrication cost and design for future upgradation to large scale application.
在全球范围内，纺织印染和制造是排放大量含有染料和颜料等难降解化合物废水的最大工业部门之一。目前，废水处理已被视为恢复淡水资源的一个工业机遇，在水资源紧张的国家对此有很高的需求。这篇综述着重介绍了针对生活污水和工业污水（纺织染料）以及利用可再生能源的综合、经济高效的跨学科解决方案的总体概念和深入知识。这一基本概念需要在同一系统中采用并行或顺序模式处理两种化学性质不同的污水，即生活污水和工业污水。在这种情况下，基于微生物燃料电池/微生物电解池（METs）的系统向微生物电芬顿技术（MEFT）的当代进展显示出巨大的新兴范围和机遇。原则上，该技术基于微生物生物技术和电化学领域先前确立的厌氧消化和电化学（光/紫外线/芬顿）过程。在处理和能源效率、最小毒性和污泥废弃物以及环境可持续性方面，它比所有先前确立的技术都具有额外优势。这篇综述详细描述了不同染料及其在环境中的最终归宿以及最近发展起来的微生物电芬顿系统层次结构。它揭示了在不同微生物电芬顿反应器的间歇和连续模式下，通常在阴极芬顿系统中染料的详细降解机制和降解速率。此外，它还从能源预算（生产和消耗）方面描述了该技术的成本效益，以及与反应器制造成本和设计相关的局限性，以便未来升级到大规模应用。
