Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, CMR College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501401, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, 799046, India.
Chemosphere. 2023 Dec;345:140473. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140473. Epub 2023 Oct 20.
Due to its complex and, often, highly contaminated nature, treating industrial wastewater poses a significant environmental problem. Many of the persistent pollutants found in industrial effluents cannot be effectively removed by conventional treatment procedures. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have emerged as a promising solution, offering versatile and effective means of pollutant removal and mineralization. This comprehensive review explores the application of various AOP strategies in industrial wastewater treatment, focusing on their mechanisms and effectiveness. Ozonation (O): Ozonation, leveraging ozone (O), represents a well-established AOP for industrial waste water treatment. Ozone's formidable oxidative potential enables the breakdown of a broad spectrum of organic and inorganic contaminants. This paper provides an in-depth examination of ozone reactions, practical applications, and considerations involved in implementing ozonation. UV/Hydrogen Peroxide (UV/HO): The combination of ultraviolet (UV) light and hydrogen peroxide (HO) has gained prominence as an AOP due to its ability to generate hydroxyl radicals (ȮH), highly efficient in pollutant degradation. The review explores factors influencing the efficiency of UV/HO processes, including HO dosage and UV radiation intensity. Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes: Fenton's reagent and Photo-Fenton processes employ iron ions and hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals for pollutant oxidation. The paper delves into the mechanisms, catalyst selection, and the role of photoactivation in enhancing degradation rates within the context of industrial wastewater treatment. Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs): EAOPs encompass a range of techniques, such as electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation, which employ electrode reactions to produce ȮH radicals. This review explores the electrochemical principles, electrode materials, and operational parameters critical for optimizing EAOPs in industrial wastewater treatment. TiO Photocatalysis (UV/TiO): Titanium dioxide (TiO) photocatalysis, driven by UV light, is examined for its potential in industrial wastewater treatment. The review investigates TiO catalyst properties, reaction mechanisms, and the influence of parameters like catalyst loading and UV intensity on pollutant removal. Sonolysis (Ultrasonic Irradiation): High-frequency ultrasound-induced sonolysis represents a unique AOP, generating ȮH radicals during the formation and collapse of cavitation bubbles. This paper delves into the physics of cavitation, sonolytic reactions, and optimization strategies for industrial wastewater treatment. This review offers a critical assessment of the applicability, advantages, and limitations of these AOP strategies in addressing the diverse challenges posed by industrial wastewater. It emphasizes the importance of selecting AOPs tailored to the specific characteristics of industrial effluents and outlines potential directions for future research and practical implementation. The integrated use of these AOPs, when appropriately adapted, holds the potential to achieve sustainable and efficient treatment of industrial wastewater, contributing significantly to environmental preservation and regulatory compliance.
由于其复杂且通常高度污染的性质，处理工业废水是一个重大的环境问题。许多在工业废水中发现的持久性污染物无法通过常规处理程序有效去除。高级氧化工艺（AOPs）已经成为一种很有前途的解决方案，为污染物去除和矿化提供了多功能且有效的手段。本综述探讨了各种 AOP 策略在工业废水处理中的应用，重点介绍了它们的机制和效果。臭氧氧化（O）：臭氧氧化利用臭氧（O），是一种成熟的工业废水处理 AOP。臭氧具有强大的氧化能力，能够分解广泛的有机和无机污染物。本文深入研究了臭氧反应、实际应用以及实施臭氧氧化时涉及的考虑因素。紫外线/过氧化物（UV/HO）：紫外线（UV）光和过氧化物（HO）的组合因其能够生成羟基自由基（ȮH）而成为一种 AOP，ȮH 是污染物降解的高效氧化剂。该综述探讨了影响 UV/HO 工艺效率的因素，包括 HO 剂量和 UV 辐射强度。芬顿和光芬顿工艺：芬顿试剂和光芬顿工艺使用铁离子和过氧化物产生羟基自由基来氧化污染物。本文深入探讨了在工业废水处理中，机制、催化剂选择以及光激活在提高降解速率方面的作用。电化学高级氧化工艺（EAOPs）：EAOPs 涵盖了一系列技术，例如电芬顿和阳极氧化，它们利用电极反应来产生ȮH 自由基。本综述探讨了在工业废水处理中优化 EAOPs 的电化学原理、电极材料和操作参数。TiO 光催化（UV/TiO）：钛二氧化物（TiO）光催化，由紫外线驱动，被研究用于工业废水处理的潜力。该综述研究了 TiO 催化剂的特性、反应机制以及催化剂负载和紫外线强度等参数对污染物去除的影响。声化学（超声辐射）：高频超声诱导的声化学是一种独特的 AOP，在空化气泡的形成和坍塌过程中产生ȮH 自由基。本文深入探讨了空化的物理现象、声化学反应以及优化工业废水处理的策略。本综述对这些 AOP 策略在应对工业废水带来的各种挑战中的适用性、优点和局限性进行了批判性评估。它强调了根据工业废水的特定特性选择 AOP 的重要性，并概述了未来研究和实际实施的潜在方向。当适当地适应时，这些 AOP 的综合使用有可能实现工业废水的可持续和有效处理，为环境保护和法规遵从做出重大贡献。
