Lim E A, Drake C G, Mintz A
Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York.
Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.
Immunooncol Technol. 2020 Mar 27;5:10-21. doi: 10.1016/j.iotech.2020.03.001. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for many cancers; however, not all patients treated have a favorable response and others can develop immune-related adverse events. A method to predict the treatment response to immunotherapeutic agents could allow for improved selection of patients more likely to benefit from treatment while sparing those who would suffer serious complications. While this has been an active area of research and has resulted in significant insights, current proposed mechanisms do not fully explain responses to therapy. One problem is that our understanding relies mostly on tumor biopsy samples that do not account for the complex spatiotemporal heterogeneity of cancers and their microenvironment. Radiolabeled probes targeting immune biomarkers and imaged using positron emission tomography with computed tomography could provide , real-time and non-invasive imaging of these biomarkers. Here we review the current field of functional nuclear imaging agents in immuno-oncology including antibodies and small molecule tracers to image PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, T-cell markers and other targets being studied for potential therapies.
免疫疗法已经改变了许多癌症的治疗格局；然而，并非所有接受治疗的患者都有良好的反应，其他患者可能会出现免疫相关的不良事件。一种预测对免疫治疗药物治疗反应的方法可以改善对更有可能从治疗中受益的患者的选择，同时使那些会遭受严重并发症的患者免受影响。虽然这一直是一个活跃的研究领域并产生了重要的见解，但目前提出的机制并不能完全解释对治疗的反应。一个问题是，我们的理解主要依赖于肿瘤活检样本，而这些样本没有考虑到癌症及其微环境的复杂时空异质性。靶向免疫生物标志物并使用正电子发射断层扫描与计算机断层扫描成像的放射性标记探针可以提供这些生物标志物的实时和非侵入性成像。在这里，我们综述了免疫肿瘤学中功能核成像剂的当前领域，包括用于成像PD-1、PD-L1、CTLA-4、T细胞标志物以及正在研究用于潜在治疗的其他靶点的抗体和小分子示踪剂。
