Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jun 9;13:859487. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.859487. eCollection 2022.
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a relatively frequent congenital endocrine disorder, caused by defective production of thyroid hormones (THs) at birth. Because THs are essential for the development of normal neuronal networks, CH is also a common preventable cause of irreversible intellectual disability (ID) in children. Prolonged hypothyroidism, particularly during the THs-dependent processes of brain development in the first years of life, due to delays in diagnosis, inadequate timing and dosing of levothyroxine (l-thyroxine or l-T), the non-compliance of families, incorrect follow-up and the interference of foods, drugs and medications affecting the absorption of l-T, may be responsible for more severe ID. In this review we evaluate the main factors influencing levels of THs and the absorption of l-T in order to provide a practical guide, based on the existing literature, to allow optimal follow-up for these patients.
先天性甲状腺功能减退症（CH）是一种相对常见的先天性内分泌紊乱，由出生时甲状腺激素（THs）产生缺陷引起。由于 THs 对正常神经元网络的发育至关重要，因此 CH 也是儿童不可逆转智力障碍（ID）的常见可预防原因。由于诊断延迟、左甲状腺素（l-甲状腺素或 l-T）的给药时间和剂量不足、家庭不遵守规定、随访不正确以及食物、药物和影响 l-T 吸收的药物的干扰等原因，导致甲状腺功能减退持续时间延长，尤其是在生命的头几年 THs 依赖性脑发育过程中，可能导致更严重的 ID。在这篇综述中，我们评估了影响 THs 水平和 l-T 吸收的主要因素，以便根据现有文献为这些患者提供最佳随访的实用指南。
