Quantitative analysis of 3D cellular geometry and modelling of the Arabidopsis embryo.

As many multicellular organisms, land plants start their life as a single cell, which forms an embryo. Embryo morphology is relatively simple, yet comprises basic tissues and organs, as well as stem cells that sustain post-embryonic development. Being condensed in both time and space, early plant embryogenesis offers an excellent window to study general principles of plant development. However, it has been technically challenging to obtain high spatial microscopic resolution, or to perform live imaging, that would enable an in-depth investigation. Recent advances in sample preparation and microscopy now allow studying the detailed cellular morphology of plant embryos in 3D. When coupled to quantitative image analysis and computational modelling, this allows resolving the temporal and spatial interactions between cellular patterning and genetic networks. In this review, we discuss examples of interdisciplinary studies that showcase the potential of the early plant embryo for revealing principles underlying plant development.