Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Fetal Diagn Ther. 2022;49(5-6):279-292. doi: 10.1159/000525717. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Placental insufficiency is associated with reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus, which may result in fetal growth restriction (FGR). In an attempt to cope with the hostile intrauterine environment, FGR fetuses respond through metabolic, endocrine, vascular, cardiac, behavioral, hematological, and immunological adaptive mechanisms. However, permanent sequelae may result from such adaptive mechanisms. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of fetal adaptation to the hostile intrauterine environment in FGR of uteroplacental origin and detail their pathophysiology and potential implications for the extrauterine life of the individual.
胎盘功能不全与胎儿供氧和营养供应减少有关，这可能导致胎儿生长受限（FGR）。为了应对恶劣的宫内环境，FGR 胎儿通过代谢、内分泌、血管、心脏、行为、血液和免疫适应机制做出反应。然而，这种适应机制可能会导致永久性的后遗症。在这篇综述中，我们描述了胎儿对源自胎盘的 FGR 中恶劣的宫内环境的适应机制，并详细介绍了它们的病理生理学及其对个体宫外生活的潜在影响。
