Athirathinam Krubha, Nandakumar Selvasudha, Kandasamy Ruckmani
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nano-Bio Translational Research (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024 India.
Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014 India.
Macromol Res. 2022;30(9):599-608. doi: 10.1007/s13233-022-0068-y. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
'New-Gen Vaccines' are grabbing the attention of scientists as they are much suitable for an immune-compromised group of individuals as well as infants. The major drawbacks of these vaccines are lower immunogenicity and instability. The need for a convenient and safe adjuvant is still under exploration. On the other hand, thermal instability leads to the inactivation of the vaccine and becomes detrimental in many cases. Thus, there is a need to incorporate new kinds of excipients into vaccine formulation to enhance the potency/immunogenicity of vaccine antigens and also act as stabilizers. A limited or single excipient in providing the required dual-activity is vital to break the stereotypical usage of the well-entrenched adverse ingredients. In the proposed review, the efficiency of naturally occurring biocompatible carbohydrate polymers and osmolytes and their 'dual-role' is briefed. In addition, the information on the possible mechanisms of action of carbohydrate polymers in vaccines as adjuvants and stabilizers are also discussed.
“新一代疫苗”正吸引着科学家们的关注，因为它们非常适合免疫功能低下的人群以及婴儿。这些疫苗的主要缺点是免疫原性较低和稳定性较差。对方便且安全的佐剂的需求仍在探索中。另一方面，热不稳定会导致疫苗失活，在许多情况下会产生不利影响。因此，有必要在疫苗配方中加入新型辅料，以增强疫苗抗原的效力/免疫原性，并起到稳定剂的作用。使用有限或单一辅料来提供所需的双重活性，对于打破长期使用的不良成分的刻板用法至关重要。在本综述中，简要介绍了天然存在的生物相容性碳水化合物聚合物和渗透溶质的效率及其“双重作用”。此外，还讨论了碳水化合物聚合物在疫苗中作为佐剂和稳定剂的可能作用机制的相关信息。
