Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2023 Feb;36(1):62-74. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13052. Epub 2022 Jul 24.
Food parenting practices, behaviours and food availability at home are associated with children's food choices; however, these associations have been mainly studied for each parenting practice separately and focused mostly on healthy populations. The aim of the study was to identify patterns of parenting practices (including data regarding food availability at home, food and physical activity-related behaviours and rewards) and to investigate their cross-sectional associations with children's food choices in families at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Data of parents and children (n = 2278), from the Feel4Diabetes study conducted in six European countries, were collected using validated questionnaires. The data analysed included children's food choices, food availability at home and food and physical activity-related parenting practices. Four patterns of parenting practices were identified using principal component analysis, and associations between those components and children's food choices were assessed using adjusted, individual linear regressions.
Parenting patterns focusing on unhealthy habits, such as allowing unhealthy snacks and unlimited screen time, providing higher availability of unhealthy foods at home, rewarding with snacks and screen time, were positively associated with children's unhealthy food choices (consumption of savoury/sweet snacks, fizzy drinks, etc.). The parenting patterns providing fruit/vegetables at home, consuming fruit, and being physically active with the child were positively associated with children's healthier food choices (consumption of fruit, vegetables, whole grain cereals, etc.).
Public health initiatives should focus on high-risk families for T2D, assisting them to adopt appropriate parenting practices and behaviours to promote healthier food choices for children.
家庭中的饮食养育实践、行为和食物供应与儿童的食物选择有关；然而，这些关联主要是针对每种养育实践分别进行研究的，并且主要集中在健康人群上。本研究的目的是确定养育实践模式（包括有关家庭食物供应、食物和体育活动相关行为和奖励的信息），并调查它们与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）高危家庭中儿童食物选择的横断面关联。
使用经过验证的问卷收集了来自 Feel4Diabetes 研究的父母和儿童（n=2278）的数据。分析的数据包括儿童的食物选择、家庭食物供应以及与食物和体育活动相关的养育实践。使用主成分分析确定了四种养育实践模式，并使用调整后的个体线性回归评估这些成分与儿童食物选择之间的关联。
强调不健康习惯的养育模式，如允许食用不健康的零食和无限制的屏幕时间、在家中提供更多不健康食物的供应、用零食和屏幕时间奖励孩子，与儿童不健康的食物选择（食用咸味/甜味零食、汽水等）呈正相关。提供水果/蔬菜在家中、食用水果以及与孩子一起进行体育活动的养育模式与儿童更健康的食物选择（食用水果、蔬菜、全谷物麦片等）呈正相关。
公共卫生倡议应关注 T2D 的高危家庭，帮助他们采取适当的养育实践和行为，以促进儿童更健康的食物选择。
