CINVESTAV-I.P.N. Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico.
Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico.
J Fish Biol. 2022 Oct;101(4):857-873. doi: 10.1111/jfb.15145. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
The three most important grouper fishery species in southern Gulf of Mexico, Epinephelus morio, Mycteroperca bonaci and Mycteroperca microlepis, do not have life history parameters data reported such as growth, age and natural mortality essential to management. Individuals from the three species were captured in the Campeche Bank (CB) at different times from 1988 to 2001. Sagittae were thin-sectioned to count annuli: n = 1081 for E. morio, n = 920 for M. bonaci and n = 251 for M. microlepis. Otoliths from the three species exhibited successive opaque and translucent bands deposited with an annual frequency, occurring between January and April for E. morio and M. bonaci, and between January and March for M. microlepis. Estimated age in the three grouper species ranged from 0 to 20 years. The most frequent ages were 7-10 years for E. morio and 8-12 years for M. bonaci and M. microlepis. The von Bertallanfy Growth Function model parameters (L , K and t ) were consistent with reported growth patterns for Epinephelidae family species, as established by growth performance Ф' (near 3). The CB groupers appear to reach maximum ages over 13 years with K values between 0.09 and 0.12 year , indicating all three studied species displayed relatively slow growth rate and medium longevity. Lifespan values ranged from 13 to 33 years for E. morio, from 18 to 30 years for M. bonaci and from 17 to 33 years for M. microlepis. A was 6.1 years for E. morio and 5.5 years for both M. bonaci and M. microlepis. Age at which all females were mature was 8 years for M. bonaci and 10 years for E. morio and M. microlepis. P was 9.3 years for E. morio, 13.6 years for M. bonaci and 11.6 years for M. microlepis. Age at which 100% of individuals were male was 13 years for E. morio, 19 years for M. bonaci and 15 years for M. microlepis. Values of M at age exhibited an exponential decrease with age for all three species, but overall values were 0.13 year for E. morio, 0.14 year for M. bonaci and 0.17 year for M. microlepis. For the three species size at age varied by geographical distribution area, but particularly for E. morio the discrepancy in average size between published studies may be the consequence of the fishing effort exerted on the stock and/or the lack of regulation for the fishery prior to 2001; after this stock biomass fell below the reference limit point and was declared overexploited. Resource managers could use the information provided in this study as a reference, representing pre-overexploitation values, to evaluate the current status of these populations and ensure sustainable management actions for the CB grouper fisheries.
墨西哥湾南部三种最重要的石斑鱼渔业物种，包括 Epinephelus morio、Mycteroperca bonaci 和 Mycteroperca microlepis，缺乏生长、年龄和自然死亡率等管理所需的生命史参数数据。这些物种的个体于 1988 年至 2001 年期间在坎佩切银行（CB）不同时间被捕获。矢耳石被切成薄片以计数环纹：E. morio 的 n = 1081，M. bonaci 的 n = 920，M. microlepis 的 n = 251。这三种石斑鱼的耳石都显示出连续的不透明和透明带，以每年一次的频率沉积，E. morio 和 M. bonaci 之间发生在 1 月至 4 月之间，M. microlepis 之间发生在 1 月至 3 月之间。三种石斑鱼的估计年龄范围为 0 至 20 岁。最常见的年龄是 E. morio 的 7-10 岁，M. bonaci 和 M. microlepis 的 8-12 岁。von Bertallanfy 生长函数模型参数（L、K 和 t）与 Epinephelidae 科物种的生长模式一致，如生长性能 Ф'（接近 3）所建立的那样。CB 石斑鱼似乎在 13 岁以上达到最大年龄，K 值在 0.09 到 0.12 岁之间，这表明研究的三种物种生长速度相对较慢，寿命中等。寿命范围为 E. morio 的 13 至 33 岁，M. bonaci 的 18 至 30 岁，M. microlepis 的 17 至 33 岁。E. morio 的 A 值为 6.1 岁，M. bonaci 和 M. microlepis 的 A 值为 5.5 岁。所有雌性成熟的年龄均为 8 岁，E. morio 和 M. microlepis 的成熟年龄为 10 岁。E. morio 的 P 值为 9.3 岁，M. bonaci 的 P 值为 13.6 岁，M. microlepis 的 P 值为 11.6 岁。100%个体为雄性的年龄为 E. morio 的 13 岁，M. bonaci 的 19 岁，M. microlepis 的 15 岁。所有三种物种的 M 值随年龄呈指数下降，但总体值为 E. morio 的 0.13 岁，M. bonaci 的 0.14 岁，M. microlepis 的 0.17 岁。三种物种的年龄与体型因地理分布区域而异，但特别是 E. morio，发表的研究中平均体型的差异可能是由于对该种群的捕捞努力以及/或 2001 年前渔业缺乏监管的结果；在此之后，该种群的生物量低于参考极限点，并被宣布过度开发。资源管理者可以使用本研究提供的信息作为参考，代表过度开发前的价值，评估这些种群的现状，并确保对 CB 石斑鱼渔业采取可持续的管理行动。
