杀虫剂对小菜蛾（鳞翅目：菜蛾科）管理中的致死和亚致死效应及其对捕食性瓢虫 Cycloneda sanguinea L.（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）的影响。

Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides used in the management of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on the predator Cycloneda sanguinea L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

机构信息

Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.

出版信息

Pest Manag Sci. 2022 Oct;78(10):4397-4406. doi: 10.1002/ps.7060. Epub 2022 Jul 19.

DOI:10.1002/ps.7060

PMID:35762333

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The application of synthetic insecticides is the main strategy used to reduce the damage caused by the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in commercial Brassica crops. However, incorrect insecticide use can cause biological and ecological disturbances in agroecosystems. Cycloneda sanguinea is a generalist voracious predator and is distributed widely in cultivated and noncultivated ecosystems. This study investigated the efficiency of four insecticides for the control of P. xylostella and the lethal and sublethal effects of these insecticides on C. sanguinea.

RESULTS

Spinosad (92% mortality) and chlorfenapyr (76% mortality) were highly toxic to P. xylostela. However, chlorantraniliprole (10% mortality) and methomyl (no mortality) were ineffective against this pest. Chlorantraniliprole was the only insecticide that was highly toxic to C. sanguinea by contact (90% mortality), however, it was nontoxic following the ingestion of chlorantraniliprole-contaminated aphids. Interestingly, ingestion of prey contaminated with methomyl and chlorfenapyr was highly toxic (100% mortality) to C. sanguinea. Spinosad was nontoxic to C. sanguinea via exposure to contaminated surfaces and following ingestion of contaminated prey. However, direct contact of the insects with both methomyl and spinosad significantly affected C. sanguinea flight activity (vertical flight and free-fall flight), whereas chlorfenapyr impacted vertical flight only.

CONCLUSION

These findings showed that chlorantraniliprole was not only ineffective for the control of P. xylostela, but was also highly toxic to C. sanguinea. The results indicated that spinosad was efficient against P. xylostela and was of low toxicity to C. sanguinea; however, the deleterious effects of this insecticide on flight behavior could result in reduced predatory efficiency. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

摘要

背景

在商业油菜作物中，应用合成杀虫剂是减少小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）造成损害的主要策略。然而，杀虫剂使用不当会对农业生态系统造成生物和生态干扰。桑岭赤眼蜂是一种广泛的掠食性捕食者，分布于栽培和非栽培生态系统中。本研究调查了四种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的防治效果以及这些杀虫剂对桑岭赤眼蜂的致死和亚致死效应。

结果

多杀菌素（92%死亡率）和氯氟氰菊酯（76%死亡率）对小菜蛾具有高毒性。然而，氯虫苯甲酰胺（10%死亡率）和灭多威（无死亡率）对该害虫无效。氯虫苯甲酰胺是唯一一种对桑岭赤眼蜂具有高触杀毒性的杀虫剂（90%死亡率），但通过取食携带氯虫苯甲酰胺的蚜虫则不具有毒性。有趣的是，取食携带灭多威和氯氟氰菊酯的猎物对桑岭赤眼蜂具有高毒性（100%死亡率）。多杀菌素通过接触受污染表面和取食受污染猎物对桑岭赤眼蜂无毒。然而，昆虫直接接触灭多威和多杀菌素会显著影响桑岭赤眼蜂的飞行活动（垂直飞行和自由下落飞行），而氯氟氰菊酯仅影响垂直飞行。