Taylor Madison E, Lozy Olivia, Conti Kaileigh, Wacha-Montes Annmarie, Bentley Kate H, Kleiman Evan M
Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
Clinical Psychology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, United States.
JMIR Ment Health. 2022 Jun 29;9(6):e33750. doi: 10.2196/33750.
Brief interventions such as mental health apps and single-session interventions are increasingly popular, efficacious, and accessible delivery formats that may be beneficial for college students whose mental health needs may not be adequately met by college counseling centers. However, no studies so far have examined the effectiveness of these modes of treatment for college students who are already receiving traditional therapy, despite it being common among this population.
The aim of this study was to compare the differences in self-reported momentary negative affect between college students in therapy and not in therapy who received a brief single-session intervention delivered by counseling center staff and a supplemental mobile app.
Data for this study were drawn from E-Manage, a brief mobile health intervention geared toward college students. Participants in the study were 173 college students who indicated whether they had received therapy. We conducted a multilevel model to determine whether there were differences between those in therapy versus not in therapy in negative affect reported throughout the study. Following this, we conducted multilevel models with therapy status as the predictor and negative affect as the outcome.
Results of the multilevel model testing showed that the cross-level interaction between the time point (ie, pre- vs postexercise) and therapy status was significant (P=.008), with the reduction in negative affect from pre- to postexercise greater for those in therapy (b=-0.65, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.40; P<.001) than it was for those not in therapy (b=-0.31, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.19; P<.001). Therapy status was unassociated with both the pre-exercise (b=-1.69, 95% CI -3.51 to 0.13; P=.07) and postexercise (b=-1.37, 95% CI -3.17 to 0.43; P=.14) ratings of negative affect.
These findings suggest that app-based and single-session interventions are also appropriate to use among college students who are receiving traditional therapy. A randomized controlled trial comparing students receiving therapy to students receiving therapy and E-Manage will be necessary to determine to what extent E-Manage contributed to the reductions in negative affect that therapy-attending college students experienced.
心理健康应用程序和单次干预等简短干预措施越来越受欢迎，它们有效且易于获取，对于那些心理健康需求可能未得到大学咨询中心充分满足的大学生可能有益。然而，尽管在这一人群中很常见，但迄今为止尚无研究考察这些治疗方式对已经在接受传统治疗的大学生的有效性。
本研究的目的是比较接受咨询中心工作人员提供的单次简短干预和补充移动应用程序的在接受治疗和未接受治疗的大学生之间自我报告的瞬时负面影响的差异。
本研究的数据来自E-Manage，这是一项针对大学生的简短移动健康干预措施。研究参与者为173名大学生，他们表明自己是否接受过治疗。我们进行了一个多层次模型，以确定在整个研究过程中报告的负面影响方面，接受治疗者与未接受治疗者之间是否存在差异。在此之后，我们进行了以治疗状态为预测变量、负面影响为结果的多层次模型。
多层次模型测试结果表明，时间点（即运动前与运动后）与治疗状态之间的跨层次交互作用显著（P = 0.008），运动前到运动后接受治疗者的负面影响减少幅度更大（b = -0.65，95%CI -0.91至-0.40；P < 0.001），大于未接受治疗者（b = -0.31，95%CI -0.43至-0.19；P < 0.001）。治疗状态与运动前（b = -1.69，95%CI -3.51至0.13；P = 0.07）和运动后（b = -1.37，95%CI -3.17至0.43；P = 0.14）的负面影响评分均无关联。
这些发现表明，基于应用程序的干预和单次干预措施也适用于正在接受传统治疗的大学生。有必要进行一项随机对照试验，将接受治疗的学生与接受治疗并使用E-Manage的学生进行比较，以确定E-Manage在多大程度上促成了接受治疗的大学生所经历的负面影响的减少。
