学术医疗中心的教职员工的职称和终身教职：对超过 50 年性别差异的研究。

Rank and Tenure Amongst Faculty at Academic Medical Centers: A Study of More Than 50 Years of Gender Disparities.

机构信息

A.M. Franks is professor and vice chair, Department of Family and Community Health, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3710-6138 .

N. Calamur is associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-797X .

出版信息

Acad Med. 2022 Jul 1;97(7):1038-1048. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000004706. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

DOI:10.1097/ACM.0000000000004706

PMID:35767410

Abstract

PURPOSE

To investigate progress toward gender equality in academic medicine through a longitudinal analysis of gender parity among faculty at medical schools.

METHOD

The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster data on gender, tenure status, and academic rank of faculty in basic science (BSc) and clinical science (CSc) departments from 1966 to 2019. They expressed data as whole numbers and percent female. A trend analysis projected time to gender parity across rank and tenure categories, and cross-tabulation analysis revealed the relative odds of females being in a rank and tenure position relative to males.

RESULTS

A 12-fold increase in the number of faculty occurred from 1966 to 2019, driven largely by increases in non-tenure track faculty. Female tenured and tenure track numbers increased at consistent rates (121 and 174 per year; P < .001). Female non-tenure track rates mirrored those for males, both changing in 2000. Odds ratios in 2019 for BSc and CSc females to be in tenure track versus non-tenure track positions compared with males were 0.83/0.98 and to be tenured were 0.63/0.44. Odds ratios in 2019 for BSc and CSc females to be full professors versus assistant or associate professors compared with males were 0.55/0.42. BSc assistant and associate professor percent female rates increased linearly from 1966 to 2019, while full professor rates increased in 1986. Transition points between periods of linear change were seen later in CSc departments (1977, 1980, 1985, 1994). Best fit line models indicated gender parity will be reached for BSc/CSc faculty in 2034/2023, 2047/2033, and 2065/2053 for assistant, associate, and full professors, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest large historical changes in medical school expansion, medical education, and economics have shifted gender curves at all academic ranks. To achieve gender parity, additional national changes are needed.

摘要

目的

通过对医学院校教师性别均等情况进行纵向分析，研究学术医学领域的性别平等进展。

方法

作者对美国医学协会 Faculty Roster 数据进行了回顾性分析，该数据包含了 1966 年至 2019 年基础科学（BSc）和临床科学（CSc）部门教员的性别、终身教职状况和学术职称。作者以整数和女性百分比表示数据。趋势分析预测了各职称和终身教职类别的性别均等时间，交叉表分析揭示了女性在职称和终身教职职位上相对于男性的相对优势。

结果

从 1966 年到 2019 年，教员人数增加了 12 倍，主要是由于非终身教职教员的增加。终身教职和终身教职的女性人数以稳定的速度增加（每年 121 人和 174 人；P <.001）。女性非终身教职的人数与男性相似，两者都在 2000 年发生变化。2019 年 BSc 和 CSc 女性与男性相比，在终身教职和非终身教职职位上的优势比分别为 0.83/0.98，在终身教职职位上的优势比为 0.63/0.44。2019 年 BSc 和 CSc 女性与男性相比，在正教授和副教授职位上的优势比分别为 0.55/0.42。1966 年至 2019 年，BSc 助理和副教授的女性比例呈线性增加，而正教授的比例在 1986 年增加。在 CSc 部门，不同时期的线性变化转折点出现在 1977 年、1980 年、1985 年和 1994 年。最佳拟合线模型表明，BSc/CSc 教员的性别均等将分别在 2034 年/2023 年、2047 年/2033 年和 2065 年/2053 年达到助理教授、副教授和正教授的水平。