Biol Bull. 2022 Jun;242(3):250-258. doi: 10.1086/720364. Epub 2022 May 31.
AbstractCephalopods use dynamic camouflage to blend in with their environment, communicate with conspecifics, and mimic other animals by changing their skin's color, texture, pattern, and shape. Past studies have cataloged common body patterns presented by various cephalopod species to gain insight into the evolution and function of these patterns in the natural environment. The common (), pharaoh (), and flamboyant () cuttlefish are three of the previously studied species and demonstrate that differences in habitat, physical size, and evolutionary history may influence the capacity and usage of body patterning. We studied the body patterns of an additional cuttlefish species, the dwarf cuttlefish (), to investigate further what aspects of ecology or behavior may influence body patterning in cuttlefish. We captured still images and video recordings of individually housed dwarf cuttlefish and analyzed them to catalog the body pattern components displayed. We utilized a quantitative approach to determine body patterns through a maximum likelihood analysis program (AutoClass C). We identified 79 distinct body pattern components, including 8 newly described components, and 7 overall body patterns. Our findings on the body patterning behavior of the dwarf cuttlefish add to a growing database of cephalopod display patterns for future studies and provide insight into the ecological and evolutionary drivers of dynamic camouflage in cephalopods.
摘要头足类动物利用动态伪装来与环境融为一体，通过改变皮肤的颜色、质地、图案和形状来与同种个体进行交流和模仿其他动物。过去的研究已经对各种头足类动物表现出的常见身体图案进行了编目，以深入了解这些图案在自然环境中的进化和功能。常见的乌贼、法老乌贼和火焰乌贼是之前研究过的三种物种，它们表明栖息地、身体大小和进化历史的差异可能会影响身体图案的形成和使用。我们研究了另一种乌贼物种——矮乌贼的身体图案，以进一步研究哪些生态或行为方面可能会影响乌贼的身体图案。我们对单独饲养的矮乌贼进行了静态图像和视频记录的拍摄，并对其进行了分析，以编目显示的身体图案组成部分。我们利用最大似然分析程序（AutoClass C）通过定量方法来确定身体图案。我们确定了 79 种不同的身体图案组成部分，包括 8 种新描述的组成部分和 7 种整体身体图案。我们对矮乌贼身体图案行为的研究结果丰富了头足类动物展示模式的不断增长的数据库，为未来的研究提供了有关动态伪装的生态和进化驱动因素的见解。
