Cerven Vasile, Novak Jeff M, Szögi Ariel A, Pantuck Kenneth, Watts Don W, Johnson Mark G
Water and Plant Research Center, Coastal Plains Soil, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2611 W. Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA.
State Assistance & Partnerships Branch Infrastructure and Assistance Section, Water Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
Agron J. 2021 Jun 25;11(7):1-11. doi: 10.3390/agronomy11071289.
The long-term application of manures in watersheds with dense animal production has increased soil phosphorus (P) concentration, exceeding plant and soil assimilative capacities. The P accumulated in soils that are heavily manured and contain excess extractable soil P concentrations is known as legacy P. Runoff and leaching can transport legacy P to ground water and surface water bodies, contributing to water quality impairment and environmental pollution, such as eutrophication. This review article analyzes and discusses current and innovative management practices for soil legacy P. Specifically, we address the use of biochar as an emerging novel technology that reduces P movement and bioavailability in legacy P soils. We illustrate that properties of biochar can be affected by pyrolysis temperature and by various activating chemical compounds and by-products. Our approach consists of engineering biochars, using an activation process on poultry litter feedstock before pyrolysis to enhance the binding or precipitation of legacy P. Finally, this review article describes previous examples of biochar activation and offers new approaches to the production of biochars with enhanced P sorption capabilities.
在动物养殖密集的流域长期施用粪肥，已导致土壤磷（P）浓度升高，超出了植物和土壤的同化能力。在大量施肥且土壤中可提取磷浓度过高的土壤中积累的磷被称为遗留磷。径流和淋溶会将遗留磷输送到地下水和地表水体，导致水质恶化和环境污染，如富营养化。这篇综述文章分析并讨论了针对土壤遗留磷的当前及创新管理措施。具体而言，我们探讨了生物炭作为一种新兴的新技术，它可减少遗留磷土壤中磷的迁移和生物有效性。我们阐明了生物炭的性质会受到热解温度、各种活化化合物及副产物的影响。我们的方法包括对生物炭进行工程处理，即在热解前对家禽粪便原料进行活化处理，以增强对遗留磷的结合或沉淀作用。最后，这篇综述文章介绍了以往生物炭活化的实例，并提供了生产具有增强磷吸附能力的生物炭的新方法。
