Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway; Cognitive Developmental Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Cognitive Developmental Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Child- and Adolescents Mental Health, Oslo, Norway.
Early Hum Dev. 2022 Aug;171:105614. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105614. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
The potential long-term developmental effects of prenatal methadone and buprenorphine exposure during pregnancy are still largely unknown.
We investigated memory function in school-aged children of women enrolled in opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) during pregnancy.
Prospective longitudinal cohort study.
Participants included 41 children (aged 9-11 years), 20 of which had histories of prenatal methadone or buprenorphine exposure.
Verbal and non-verbal memory function was assessed using four subtests from the Test of Memory and Learning - Second edition (TOMAL-2).
The OMT group scored lower on both the two non-verbal as well as the two verbal memory tasks, all p-values <.05. Group differences remained for three out of the four subtests after controlling for general IQ. Including maternal tobacco use during pregnancy increased the explanatory power of the model, R change of 0.07, p = .04.
Children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine had significantly lower memory performance, however, this association may in part be explained by maternal tobacco use during pregnancy. Consequently, smoking cessation programs should be systematically integrated into opioid maintenance therapy programs for pregnant women.
怀孕期间接受美沙酮和丁丙诺啡的潜在长期发育影响在很大程度上仍然未知。
我们研究了在怀孕期间接受阿片类药物维持治疗 (OMT) 的女性的学龄儿童的记忆功能。
前瞻性纵向队列研究。
参与者包括 41 名儿童（年龄 9-11 岁），其中 20 名有产前美沙酮或丁丙诺啡暴露史。
使用《记忆与学习测试-第二版》（TOMAL-2）的四个子测试评估言语和非言语记忆功能。
OMT 组在两个非言语和两个言语记忆任务上的得分均较低，所有 p 值均<.05。在控制一般智商后，四个子测试中有三个仍存在组间差异。包括怀孕期间母亲吸烟在内，增加了模型的解释能力，R 变化为 0.07，p=0.04。
产前接触美沙酮或丁丙诺啡的儿童记忆表现明显下降，但这种关联部分可能可以用母亲怀孕期间吸烟来解释。因此，应该系统地将戒烟计划纳入针对孕妇的阿片类药物维持治疗计划中。
