Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Aug;127:340-348. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.030. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
The current perspective is a pioneer to assess the efficacy of Salvia officinalis leave powder (SOLP) on growth, intestinal enzymes, physiological and antioxidant status, immunological response, and gene expression of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). We also looked into fish resistance after being challenged with Aeromonas sobria, a pathogenic zoonotic bacteria. Fish (N = 120) were fed four different experimental diets in triplicate for 8 weeks. The control diet (SOLP0 - without SOLP); meanwhile, the other three diets included SOLP of 2, 4, and 8 g kg concentrations (SOLP2, SOLP4, and SOLP8), respectively. Findings demonstrated that fish fed SOLP4 and SOLP8 diets had better growth performance and improved digestion by noticeable enhancing lipase and amylase enzymes activity than other groups. Additionally, the antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and immune activities (immunoglobulin M, nitric oxide, and antiprotease) clarified a significant increase (p < 0.05) in SOLP4 and SOLP8 groups. Enriched diets with SOLP4 and SOLP8 exhibited better expression of splenic genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TLR-2, and SOD), intestinal genes (Slc26a6) and (PepT1 or Slc15a1), and muscular genes (IGF-1 and SOD), while MSTN was down-regulated. After 8 weeks of the experimental trial, C. carpio challenged by A. sobria exhibited the highest cumulative mortality (66.67%), while SOLP8-dietary intervention showed the best results in enhancing the fish resistance against A. sobria by lessening mortalities to 13.33% followed by SOLP4 diet (20%). The outcomes indicate that the expression of splenic, muscular, and intestinal genes confirm the efficacy of SOLP on enhancing growth, digestion, and immune-antioxidant status, and recommend the potential use of SOLP especially at 4 g kg level as a valuable natural economic diet additive in C. carpio culture for sustaining aquaculture.
本研究旨在评估迷迭香叶粉（SOLP）对鲤鱼生长、肠道酶、生理和抗氧化状态、免疫反应以及基因表达的功效，并研究其对致病性人畜共患病细菌气单胞菌（Aeromonas sobria）的抵抗力。将 120 条鱼分为 4 组，每组 3 个重复，分别投喂 4 种不同的实验饲料 8 周。对照组（SOLP0-无 SOLP）；同时，另外 3 种饲料分别包含 2、4 和 8 g/kg SOLP（SOLP2、SOLP4 和 SOLP8）。结果表明，与其他组相比，投喂 SOLP4 和 SOLP8 饲料的鱼生长性能更好，消化能力提高，脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性显著增强。此外，抗氧化（超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）和免疫活性（免疫球蛋白 M、一氧化氮和抗蛋白酶）在 SOLP4 和 SOLP8 组中显著增加（p<0.05）。富含 SOLP4 和 SOLP8 的饲料表现出更好的脾脏基因（IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TLR-2 和 SOD）、肠道基因（Slc26a6 和（PepT1 或 Slc15a1）和肌肉基因（IGF-1 和 SOD）表达，而 MSTN 下调。在 8 周的实验后，C. carpio 受到 A. sobria 的攻击，死亡率最高（66.67%），而 SOLP8 饲料干预通过将死亡率降低至 13.33%（其次是 SOLP4 饲料），显示出对鱼抵抗 A. sobria 的最佳效果。结果表明，脾脏、肌肉和肠道基因的表达证实了 SOLP 提高生长、消化和免疫-抗氧化状态的功效，并推荐在鲤鱼养殖中特别在 4 g/kg 水平下使用 SOLP 作为有价值的天然经济饲料添加剂，以维持水产养殖。
