Ssennoga Martin, Mugagga Frank, Nadhomi Daniel L, Kisira Yeeko
Department of Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction, National Union of Disabled Persons of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Climatic Sciences, School of Forestry, Environment and Geographical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Jamba. 2022 May 25;14(1):1266. doi: 10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1266. eCollection 2022.
Terrain parameters such as slope aspect, angle, curvature, stream power and altitude have been noted to spur landslide occurrence as well as, acting as a hindrance to evacuation efforts. Yet, persons with disabilities (PWDs) are seldom given priority during rescue and recovery programmes during pre- and post-disaster evacuation. The study was guided by two objectives, namely, (1) to map the landslide risk for households of PWDs and (2) to investigate the disability type that is perceived to be most affected by landslides. A cross-sectional household survey was adopted employing snowball sampling, Key Informant Interviews (KII), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for primary data collection. A 30-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used for terrain spatial landslide risk analysis in ArcGis 10.8 and System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) tools. A one-sample -test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used to analyse the score values on a five-point Likert scale to ascertain the perceived landslide effect on the different disability categories. Qualitative data was subjected to content analysis. We found out that majority of PWDs live in high-risk landslide zones with 1400 m - 1700 m, S-E, 10-80, > 10, and -0.8-0.13 of altitude, aspect, slope angle, Stream Power Index (SPI), and slope curvature, respectively. T-test results revealed that blind and deaf-blind were perceived as most affected by landslides with (31) = 58.42, mean = 4.7, < 0.0001, and (31) = 34.8, mean 4.6, < 0.0001. The deaf people were perceived to also be highly affected by landslides with (31) = 34.4, mean = 3.9, < 0.0001. In conclusion, PWDs in Bushika were highly susceptible to landslide hazards and yet considered as a minority for rescue and recovery during landslide occurrences. We recommend for prioritisation of inclusive disaster programmes such as disaster training, relocation, and resettlement to reduce vulnerability and enhance landslides disaster resilience of PWDs especially in high-risk areas.
诸如坡向、坡度、曲率、河流功率和海拔等地形参数已被指出会引发山体滑坡，同时也会阻碍疏散工作。然而，在灾害前和灾害后的疏散救援和恢复计划中，残疾人很少被列为优先对象。本研究以两个目标为导向，即：（1）绘制残疾人家庭的山体滑坡风险图；（2）调查被认为受山体滑坡影响最大的残疾类型。采用横断面家庭调查，通过滚雪球抽样、关键 informant 访谈（KII）和焦点小组讨论（FGD）收集原始数据。利用 30 米航天飞机雷达地形测绘任务（SRTM）数字高程模型（DEM），在 ArcGis 10.8 和自动地球科学分析系统（SAGA）工具中进行地形空间山体滑坡风险分析。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）23 版中的单样本检验来分析五点李克特量表上的得分值，以确定山体滑坡对不同残疾类别的感知影响。对定性数据进行内容分析。我们发现，大多数残疾人居住在海拔 1400 米至 1700 米、东南方向、坡度 10 - 80、河流功率指数（SPI）> 10 且坡度曲率为 -0.8 - 0.13 的高风险山体滑坡区域。t 检验结果显示，盲人及聋盲人士被认为受山体滑坡影响最大，t(31) = 58.42，均值 = 4.7，p < 0.0001，以及 t(31) = 34.8，均值 = 4.6，p < 0.0001。聋人也被认为受山体滑坡影响很大，t(31) = 34.4，均值 = 3.9，p < 0.0001。总之，布希卡的残疾人极易受到山体滑坡灾害的影响，但在山体滑坡发生期间，他们在救援和恢复中却被视为少数群体。我们建议优先开展包容性灾害计划，如灾害培训、搬迁和重新安置，以降低脆弱性，增强残疾人尤其是高风险地区残疾人对山体滑坡灾害的恢复力。
