Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Science Department, Energy Conversion Group, Upton, Massachusetts, USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2022 Jul;72(7):720-737. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2049398.
In the current work, we provide measurements of size-resolved particle number concentration (PNC), particle mass concentration (PMC), lung-deposited surface area (LDSA), and black carbon (BC) concentration for three biomass fired hydronic heaters during operation in four different combustion conditions. The appliances include one woodchip-fueled hydronic heater and two outdoor cordwood-fueled hydronic heaters. The operating conditions included startup, low output, high output, and burnout. Measurements were made using a custom dilution sampling system and a suite of commercially available, time-resolved, ambient aerosol measurement instrumentation. The PNC, as measured using an Dekati Electrical Low Pressure Impactor+ (ELPI), had operating condition mean values ranging between 4.1 and 52 million particles per cubic centimeter (#/cm). The highest reported PNC occurred during the startup condition in all cases. Calculating the particle size distribution measured across each operating phase for the same instrument gave geometric mean diameters () in the range of 0.080-0.256 µm. The largest per appliance was nearly always attributable to the startup condition (for hydronic heater 1, startup ranked second).We did not observe the same trends when we transformed the ELPI PNC to PMC and particle surface area concentration estimates across operating conditions, suggesting PNC and are highly variable. Furthermore, simultaneous measurements of PNC, PMC, and PSAC using instrumentation with different working principles gave varying results, potentially suggesting that particles of different composition and morphology are produced under different combustion conditions.: In this work we compare the results from testing of 3 biomass fired hydronic heaters including one chip-fired appliance and two cordwood-fired appliances. The emissions from these appliances were made across four operating conditions and using three different non-regulatory emissions metrics. This work: describes the difference between chip and cordwood fired units and the effect of operating condition on emissions across the three emissions metrics.
在当前的工作中，我们提供了在四种不同燃烧条件下运行的三种生物质燃料水暖加热器的粒径分辨粒子数浓度（PNC）、粒子质量浓度（PMC）、肺部沉积表面积（LDSA）和黑碳（BC）浓度的测量结果。这些设备包括一个木屑燃料水暖加热器和两个户外薪柴燃料水暖加热器。操作条件包括启动、低输出、高输出和燃烧殆尽。测量使用定制的稀释采样系统和一系列商业上可用的、时间分辨的、环境气溶胶测量仪器套件进行。PNC 使用 Dekati 电低压撞击器+（ELPI）进行测量，其操作条件平均值范围在每立方厘米 410 万至 5200 万粒子之间（#/cm）。在所有情况下，报告的最高 PNC 都发生在启动条件下。在同一仪器上计算每个操作阶段测量的颗粒尺寸分布，给出的几何平均值直径（）在 0.080-0.256 µm 范围内。每个设备中最大的 几乎总是归因于启动条件（对于水暖加热器 1，启动条件排名第二）。当我们将 ELPI PNC 转换为 PMC 和粒子表面积浓度估计值并跨操作条件进行计算时，我们没有观察到相同的趋势，这表明 PNC 和 高度可变。此外，使用具有不同工作原理的仪器同时测量 PNC、PMC 和 PSAC 会给出不同的结果，这可能表明在不同的燃烧条件下会产生不同组成和形态的粒子。
