Olsen Paul, Sha Jingeng, Fang Yanan, Chang Clara, Whiteside Jessica H, Kinney Sean, Sues Hans-Dieter, Kent Dennis, Schaller Morgan, Vajda Vivi
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10968, USA.
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Sci Adv. 2022 Jul;8(26):eabo6342. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6342. Epub 2022 Jul 1.
Abundant lake ice-rafted debris in Late Triassic and earliest Jurassic strata of the Junggar Basin of northwestern China (paleolatitude ~71°N) indicates that freezing winter temperatures typified the forested Arctic, despite a persistence of extremely high levels of atmospheric co (partial pressure of CO). Phylogenetic bracket analysis shows that non-avian dinosaurs were primitively insulated, enabling them to access rich deciduous and evergreen Arctic vegetation, even under freezing winter conditions. Transient but intense volcanic winters associated with massive eruptions and lowered light levels led to the end-Triassic mass extinction (201.6 Ma) on land, decimating all medium- to large-sized nondinosaurian, noninsulated continental reptiles. In contrast, insulated dinosaurs were already well adapted to cold temperatures, and not only survived but also underwent a rapid adaptive radiation and ecological expansion in the Jurassic, taking over regions formerly dominated by large noninsulated reptiles.
中国西北部准噶尔盆地晚三叠世和早侏罗世地层中大量的湖泊冰筏碎屑（古纬度约71°N）表明，尽管大气中二氧化碳（CO₂分压）持续处于极高水平，但寒冷的冬季气温仍是北极森林的典型特征。系统发育支架分析表明，非鸟类恐龙最初具有隔热能力，这使它们即使在寒冷的冬季条件下也能获取丰富的落叶和常绿北极植被。与大规模火山喷发相关的短暂但强烈的火山冬季以及光照水平降低导致了陆地三叠纪末大灭绝（2.016亿年前），消灭了所有中型至大型的非恐龙类、无隔热能力的大陆爬行动物。相比之下，具有隔热能力的恐龙已经很好地适应了寒冷温度，不仅存活下来，而且在侏罗纪迅速经历了适应性辐射和生态扩张，占据了以前由大型无隔热能力爬行动物主导的区域。
