Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2022 Aug 1;29(4):333-342. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000736. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
Multiple biochemical and biophysical approaches have been broadly used for detection and quantitation of posttranslational protein modifications associated with diabetic bone, yet these techniques present a variety of challenges. In this review, we discuss recent advancements and complementary roles of analytical (UPLC/UPLC-MS/MS and ELISA) and biophysical (Raman and FTIR) techniques used for characterization of glycation products, measured from bone matrix and serum, and provide recommendations regarding the selection of a technique for specific study of diabetic bone.
Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes contribute to the formation of a large subgroup of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) known as glycoxidation end products (AGOEs). AGEs/AGOEs have various adverse effects on bone health. Commonly, accumulation of AGEs/AGOEs leads to increased bone fragility. For example, recent studies show that carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pentosidine (PEN) are formed in bone at higher levels in certain diseases and metabolic conditions, in particular, in diabetes and aging. Detection and quantitation of AGEs/AGOEs in rare and/or precious samples is feasible because of a number of technological advancements of the past decade.
Recent technological advancements have led to a significant improvement of several key analytical biochemistry and biophysics techniques used for detection and characterization of AGEs/AGOEs in bone and serum. Their principles and applications to skeletal tissue studies as well as limitations are discussed in this review.
多种生化和生物物理方法已广泛用于检测和定量与糖尿病骨骼相关的翻译后蛋白质修饰，但这些技术存在各种挑战。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于糖化产物特征描述的分析（UPLC/UPLC-MS/MS 和 ELISA）和生物物理（拉曼和 FTIR）技术的最新进展和互补作用，这些技术可从骨基质和血清中进行测量，并就选择用于研究糖尿病骨骼的特定技术提供建议。
糖尿病中的高血糖和氧化应激导致大量已知的糖化终产物（AGEs）的形成，称为糖基化终产物（AGEs）。AGEs/AGEs 对骨骼健康有多种不利影响。通常，AGEs/AGEs 的积累会导致骨骼脆弱性增加。例如，最近的研究表明，羧甲基赖氨酸（CML）和戊糖素（PEN）在某些疾病和代谢状况下，特别是在糖尿病和衰老中，在骨骼中形成的水平更高。由于过去十年中多项技术进步，稀有和/或珍贵样本中 AGEs/AGEs 的检测和定量成为可能。
最近的技术进步显著改善了几种用于检测和鉴定骨骼和血清中 AGEs/AGEs 的关键分析生物化学和生物物理技术。本文讨论了它们的原理及其在骨骼组织研究中的应用以及局限性。
