School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, China; MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Agricultural Construction and Environmental Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Sep 1;308:119697. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119697. Epub 2022 Jun 29.
Microplastics are omnipresent in the terrestrial and aquatic environment, and are considered as a potentially serious threat to the biodiversity and ecosystem. Pollution of plastic debris and microplastics in the inland and marine environment has raised concerns in Bangladesh, which is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. This review summarizes the research progress on separation and characterization of microplastics, as well as their occurrence and sources in Bangladesh. Despite of the first total ban on plastic bags in the world introduced back in 2002, microplastics have been ubiquitously detected in the country's inland and marine environment, with the majority of them coming from secondary sources. The microplastics observed in Bangladesh were dominated by fibers, which were derived mainly from textile sources. Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinylchloride (PVC) were the most abundant polymers found for microplastics in the marine and freshwater environment of Bangladesh. Along with the identified research priorities to improve the understanding on the ecotoxicological effect and fate of microplastics, extensive and in-depth studies are required to bridge the knowledge gaps to enable comprehensive risk assessment of microplastic pollution on local ecosystems and human health, while effective management of plastic wastes and their recycling are necessary to alleviate this problem in the country.
微塑料在陆地和水生环境中无处不在，被认为是对生物多样性和生态系统的潜在严重威胁。塑料碎片和微塑料在内陆和海洋环境中的污染引起了孟加拉国的关注，孟加拉国是世界上人口最密集的国家之一。本综述总结了微塑料的分离和特征描述，以及它们在孟加拉国的出现和来源的研究进展。尽管孟加拉国早在 2002 年就首次实施了全球范围内禁止塑料袋的禁令，但微塑料仍在该国的内陆和海洋环境中广泛存在，其中大部分来自二次来源。在孟加拉国观察到的微塑料主要为纤维，主要来源于纺织来源。在孟加拉国的海洋和淡水环境中，发现的最丰富的聚合物是聚乙烯（PE）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚丙烯（PP）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）。除了确定的研究重点以提高对微塑料生态毒性效应和命运的认识外，还需要进行广泛而深入的研究，以弥合知识差距，从而能够对微塑料污染对当地生态系统和人类健康的全面风险进行评估，同时还需要有效管理塑料废物及其回收利用，以缓解该国的这一问题。
