Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
J Infect Chemother. 2022 Oct;28(10):1410-1414. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.06.016. Epub 2022 Jun 29.
Improved routine immunizations in Japan have led to a reduction in vaccine-preventable diseases. Due to changes in the vaccination program, current young adults received their second vaccination for measles and rubella at different times depending on their birth year, and most of them have not been vaccinated against varicella and mumps. This study investigated the effect of vaccine programs on the immunity of people in Japan.
Immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG) titers against four viruses were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 795 students at a medical university. Titers for measles and rubella were compared according to the students' birth dates (Group 1: April 2, 1990-April 1, 2000; Group 2: April 2, 2000).
The titers of students that satisfied the standard IgG values against measles, rubella, varicella, and mumps were 24.3%, 56.9%, 87.4%, and 47.2%, respectively. Measles and rubella titers were lower in group 2 (estimated mean period from last vaccination, 7.0 years) than group 1 (13.5 years) (p = 0.023 measles, p = 0.037 rubella), indicating attenuation of titers over time. Varicella and mumps antibody prevalence indicated that these infections were endemic, whereas rates of negative titers were higher than those for measles and rubella.
IgG titers against viruses were affected by vaccination programs. Declining titers after vaccination should be monitored when the diseases are almost eliminated and boosting is absent. Antibody testing is meaningful for recommending vaccinations and for surveillance of waning immunity. Continuous improvements of vaccination program should be considered to prevent and eliminate diseases.
日本常规免疫的改善导致了疫苗可预防疾病的减少。由于接种计划的改变，目前的年轻成年人根据出生年份在不同时间接受麻疹和风疹的第二次接种，而且他们大多数人没有接种水痘和风疹疫苗。本研究调查了疫苗接种计划对日本人群免疫力的影响。
通过酶联免疫吸附试验测定了一所医科大学 795 名学生的四种病毒的免疫球蛋白 G 抗体 (IgG) 滴度。根据学生的出生日期比较麻疹和风疹的滴度（第 1 组：1990 年 4 月 2 日至 2000 年 4 月 1 日；第 2 组：2000 年 4 月 2 日）。
满足麻疹、风疹、水痘和风疹标准 IgG 值的学生滴度分别为 24.3%、56.9%、87.4%和 47.2%。第 2 组（估计最后一次接种后时间为 7.0 年）的麻疹和风疹滴度低于第 1 组（13.5 年）（p = 0.023 麻疹，p = 0.037 风疹），表明随着时间的推移滴度减弱。水痘和风疹抗体的流行率表明这些感染是地方性的，而阴性滴度的发生率高于麻疹和风疹。
病毒的 IgG 滴度受疫苗接种计划的影响。在疾病几乎消除且无增强作用时，应监测接种后的滴度下降情况。抗体检测对于推荐疫苗接种和监测免疫衰减具有重要意义。应考虑持续改进疫苗接种计划，以预防和消除疾病。
