Bultema Lindsey A, Bücker Robert, Schulz Eike C, Tellkamp Friedjof, Gonschior Josef, Miller R J Dwayne, Kassier Günther H
Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Ultramicroscopy. 2022 Oct;240:113579. doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113579. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
The effect of window material on electron beam induced phenomena in liquid phase electron microscopy (LPEM) is an interesting yet under-explored subject. We have studied the differences of electron beam induced gold nanoparticle (AuNP) growth subject to three encapsulation materials: Silicon Nitride (SiN), carbon and formvar. We find SiN liquid cells (LCs) to result in significantly higher AuNP growth yield as compared to LCs employing the other two materials. In all cases, an electrical bias of the entire LC structures significantly affected particle growth. We demonstrate an inverse correlation of the AuNP growth rate with secondary electron (SE) emission from the windows. We attribute these differences at least in part to variations in SE emission dynamics, which is seen as a combination of material and bias dependent SE escape flux (SEEF) and SE return flux (SERF). Furthermore, our model predictions qualitatively match electrochemistry expectations.
窗口材料对液相电子显微镜（LPEM）中电子束诱导现象的影响是一个有趣但尚未充分探索的课题。我们研究了在三种封装材料（氮化硅（SiN）、碳和福尔马膜）作用下电子束诱导金纳米颗粒（AuNP）生长的差异。我们发现，与使用其他两种材料的液体池（LC）相比，SiN液体池导致AuNP的生长产率显著更高。在所有情况下，整个LC结构的电偏压对颗粒生长有显著影响。我们证明了AuNP生长速率与窗口二次电子（SE）发射之间存在负相关。我们将这些差异至少部分归因于SE发射动力学的变化，这表现为材料和偏压相关的SE逸出通量（SEEF）和SE返回通量（SERF）的组合。此外，我们的模型预测在定性上与电化学预期相符。
