Kumar Parmod, Sharma Samaksh, Sundriyal Deepak, Navria Shiv Charan, Sehrawat Amit
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India.
Indian J Surg Oncol. 2022 Jun;13(2):432-434. doi: 10.1007/s13193-022-01508-8. Epub 2022 Jan 14.
Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is among the top ten cancers worldwide. Incidence is rising mainly attributed to environmental contamination due to chemical carcinogens and smoking habits. Recently, we have seen a higher number of UBC patients and thus aim to study the associated epidemiological parameters. This was a single-center retrospective analysis that involved histology-proven UBC patients presented from the inception of medical oncology services. Clinical, demographic data and history of exposure to potential risk factors were noted. A telephonic interview with the patient or family members was conducted for the missing data. Mean age of patients was 60.36 ± 10.33 years. More than half of the patients were of the geriatric age group. Males were affected 7.5 times more as compared to females. Sixty-four percent of the patients were smokers. Seventy-three percent of the patients had a residence in the plains or Terai region. Thirty percent of the patients reported farming as their occupation. Anthranilic diamide, chlorpyriphos cypermethrin, lesenta (imidacloprid + fipronil), and tricyclazole were the commonly used insecticides/pesticides. Untreated groundwater, river, or pond was the source of drinking water for 68% of the patients. The insecticides/pesticides used in agriculture and the subsequent contamination of food and water serving as the vehicle for the potential carcinogens need a critical review and are hypothesis-generating.
膀胱癌(UBC)是全球十大癌症之一。发病率上升主要归因于化学致癌物造成的环境污染和吸烟习惯。最近,我们看到膀胱癌患者数量有所增加,因此旨在研究相关的流行病学参数。这是一项单中心回顾性分析,纳入了自肿瘤内科服务开展以来经组织学证实的膀胱癌患者。记录了临床、人口统计学数据以及潜在风险因素的暴露史。针对缺失数据对患者或其家庭成员进行了电话访谈。患者的平均年龄为60.36±10.33岁。超过一半的患者属于老年年龄组。男性受影响的几率是女性的7.5倍。64%的患者为吸烟者。73%的患者居住在平原或特赖地区。30%的患者报告职业为务农。邻氨基苯甲酰胺、氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉+氟虫腈以及三环唑是常用的杀虫剂/农药。68%的患者的饮用水来源是未经处理的地下水、河流或池塘。农业中使用的杀虫剂/农药以及随后食物和水受到的污染成为潜在致癌物的载体,这需要进行严格审查并引发了一些假设。