Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25457, Korea.
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Korea.
Nutr Res. 2022 Sep;105:11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.001. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Diet is a critical risk factor for gastric cancer, and Koreans consume significantly high amounts of carbohydrates. This study examined the association between carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load and the risk of gastric cancer and whether the association varied based on the general risk factors for gastric cancer. We hypothesized that carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load elevated gastric cancer risk and the relationship differed by the gastric cancer risk factors. This was a case-control study with a total of 307 matched pairs aged 20 to 79 years. Data collection was completed at two hospitals from December 2002 to September 2006. A food frequency questionnaire was applied for dietary assessment. Carbohydrate intake was not related to gastric cancer risk. However, a high glycemic index (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.18-2.97) and glycemic load (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.53-4.12) were significantly associated with the elevated risk of gastric cancer. When the relationship between glycemic load and gastric cancer risk was stratified by risk factors for gastric cancer, the gastric cancer risk especially increased among men, ≥65 years, smokers, drinkers, and people with Helicobacter pylori infection. Although there was no association between carbohydrate consumption and gastric cancer, high glycemic index and glycemic load were associated with the increased gastric cancer risk.
饮食是胃癌的一个关键危险因素，而韩国人摄入的碳水化合物量相当高。本研究旨在探讨碳水化合物摄入量、血糖生成指数和血糖负荷与胃癌风险之间的关系，以及这种关系是否因胃癌的一般危险因素而有所不同。我们假设碳水化合物摄入、血糖生成指数和血糖负荷会增加胃癌风险，且这种关系因胃癌的危险因素而异。这是一项病例对照研究，共纳入了 307 对年龄在 20 至 79 岁之间的匹配病例对照。数据收集于 2002 年 12 月至 2006 年 9 月在两家医院进行。通过食物频率问卷评估饮食情况。碳水化合物摄入量与胃癌风险无关。然而，高血糖生成指数（比值比 [OR]，1.88；95%置信区间 [95%CI]，1.18-2.97）和血糖负荷（OR，2.51；95%CI，1.53-4.12）与胃癌风险的增加显著相关。当根据胃癌的危险因素对血糖负荷与胃癌风险之间的关系进行分层时，胃癌风险在男性、≥65 岁、吸烟者、饮酒者和幽门螺杆菌感染者中尤其增加。虽然碳水化合物的摄入量与胃癌之间没有关联，但高血糖生成指数和血糖负荷与胃癌风险的增加有关。
