Liu T, Liu J, Han C, Liu Y T, Zeng Q, Gu Q
School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
Institute for Occupational Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2022 Jun 20;40(6):434-438. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210615-00286.
To investigate the current situation of occupational exposure to noise among noise workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Tianjin, understand the impact of noise on workers＇ nervous system and hearing, and assess the risk of hearing loss among noise workers. In May 2021, 3516 workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise were investigated by using a self-made questionnaire＂Noise Workers Questionnaire＂ and cluster sampling method. The occupational noise hygiene survey and occupational hazards detection were carried out in their workplaces. They were divided into noise exposure group and non-noise exposure group according to whether they were exposed to noise or not. The general characteristics, hearing and nervous system symptoms of the two groups of workers were compared, and the risk of hearing loss was assessed. There were 758 workers in the noise exposure group, aged (26±5) years old, with a working age of 3.0 (2.0, 6.0) years exposed to noise. 2758 workers in the non-noise exposure group, aged (25±6) years old, with a working age of 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) years. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of workers＇education level, working age and memory loss between the two groups (χ(2)=37.98, 38.70, 5.20, <0.05). The workers in the noise exposure group showed a decreasing trend of insomnia, dreaminess, sweating and fatigue with the increase of working age (χ(2trend)=6.16, 7.99, <0.05). The risk classification of binaural high-frequency hearing loss for workers in all noise positions until the age of 50 and 60 was negligible, the risk of occupational noise deafness was low for workers in stamping and welding noise positions until the age of 60. The occupational noise exposed to automobile manufacturing workers may cause certain harm to their nervous and auditory systems. Noise protection measures should be taken to reduce the risk of hearing loss and occupational noise deafness.
为了解天津市某汽车制造企业噪声作业工人职业性噪声暴露现状，了解噪声对工人神经系统及听力的影响，评估噪声作业工人听力损失风险。2021年5月，采用自制问卷《噪声作业工人调查问卷》及整群抽样方法，对某汽车制造企业3516名工人进行调查。对其工作场所进行职业性噪声卫生学调查及职业危害检测。根据是否接触噪声将工人分为噪声暴露组和非噪声暴露组，比较两组工人的一般特征、听力及神经系统症状，并评估听力损失风险。噪声暴露组758人，年龄（26±5）岁，接触噪声工龄3.0（2.0，6.0）年；非噪声暴露组2758人，年龄（25±6）岁，工龄2.0（1.0，4.0）年。两组工人文化程度、工龄及记忆力减退分布差异有统计学意义（χ²=37.98、38.70、5.20，P<0.05）。噪声暴露组工人失眠、多梦、多汗、乏力随工龄增加呈下降趋势（χ²趋势=6.16、7.99，P<0.05）。各噪声岗位工人至50岁和60岁双耳高频听力损失风险分级均为可忽略，冲压、焊接噪声岗位工人至60岁职业性噪声聋风险为低。汽车制造工人职业性噪声暴露可能对其神经和听觉系统造成一定损害，应采取噪声防护措施，降低听力损失及职业性噪声聋风险。
