C R Biol. 2021 Dec 20;344(4):389-407. doi: 10.5802/crbiol.66.
The plasma membrane is a physical boundary made of amphiphilic lipid molecules, proteins and carbohydrates extensions. Its role in mechanotransduction generates increasing attention in animal systems, where membrane tension is mainly induced by cortical actomyosin. In plant cells, cortical tension is of osmotic origin. Yet, because the plasma membrane in plant cells has comparable physical properties, findings from animal systems likely apply to plant cells too. Recent results suggest that this is indeed the case, with a role of membrane tension in vesicle trafficking, mechanosensitive channel opening or cytoskeleton organization in plant cells. Prospects for the plant science community are at least three fold: (i) to develop and use probes to monitor membrane tension in tissues, in parallel with other biochemical probes, with implications for protein activity and nanodomain clustering, (ii) to develop single cell approaches to decipher the mechanisms operating at the plant cell cortex at high spatio-temporal resolution, and (iii) to revisit the role of membrane composition at cell and tissue scale, by considering the physical implications of phospholipid properties and interactions in mechanotransduction.
质膜由双亲性脂质分子、蛋白质和碳水化合物延伸组成的物理边界。其在机械转导中的作用在动物系统中受到越来越多的关注，在动物系统中，膜张力主要由皮质肌动球蛋白诱导。在植物细胞中，皮质张力是由渗透引起的。然而，由于植物细胞质膜具有类似的物理性质，因此动物系统中的发现可能也适用于植物细胞。最近的研究结果表明，这种情况确实如此，膜张力在植物细胞中的囊泡运输、机械敏感通道开放或细胞骨架组织中发挥作用。对植物科学界来说，前景至少有三个方面：（i）开发和使用探针来监测组织中的膜张力，与其他生化探针并行，这对蛋白质活性和纳米域聚类有影响，（ii）开发单细胞方法来以高时空分辨率破译在植物细胞质膜皮层上起作用的机制，以及（iii）通过考虑磷脂特性和相互作用在机械转导中的物理意义，重新审视膜成分在细胞和组织尺度上的作用。
