Jhatial Ashfaque Ahmed, Kumar Aneel, Bheel Naraindas, Sohu Samiullah, Goh Wan Inn
Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Campus, Khairpur Mirs' 66020, Sindh, Pakistan.
Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Sindh, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec;29(56):84814-84826. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21635-7. Epub 2022 Jul 5.
The eggshell powder (ESP) has been used as a partial cement replacement to reduce the cement content in concrete production. According to recent estimates, cement production contributes to 7% of global Carbon Dioxide (CO) gas emissions. However, most of the studies so far have focused on the mechanical strength aspect of the concrete incorporating ESP; however, there is a lack of information on the influence of ESP on the sustainability of concrete in terms of embodied carbon and eco-strength efficiency. Therefore, this study aims at determining the influence of ESP on the sustainability and cost of an M40 grade concrete when different fineness ESP (50 µm and 100 µm) is utilized as partial cement replacement. The sustainability was assessed in terms of embodied carbon and eco-strength efficiency, while the cost-effectiveness was determined in terms of the overall cost of concrete and cost to produce unit compressive strength. It was observed that the control M40 concrete mix achieved a total embodied carbon of 482.88 kgCO/m. With 5 to 15% ESP of 100 µm fineness, the total embodied carbon was successfully reduced, ranging from 3.86 to 11.60%. While 5 to 15% of 50 µm fineness, the reduction ranged from 3.69 to 11.10%. The 50 µm fineness ESP exhibited slightly lower eco-strength efficiency compared to 100 µm fineness ESP; however, both achieved relatively higher eco-strength efficiency. In terms of cost, the inclusion of ESP resulted in a significant reduction in overall cost and was cheaper to produce 1 MPa compressive strength.
蛋壳粉（ESP）已被用作部分水泥替代品，以减少混凝土生产中的水泥用量。根据最近的估计，水泥生产占全球二氧化碳（CO）气体排放量的7%。然而，迄今为止，大多数研究都集中在掺入ESP的混凝土的力学强度方面；然而，关于ESP对混凝土在 embodied carbon 和生态强度效率方面的可持续性的影响，缺乏相关信息。因此，本研究旨在确定当使用不同细度的ESP（50 µm和100 µm）作为部分水泥替代品时，其对M40级混凝土的可持续性和成本的影响。从 embodied carbon 和生态强度效率方面评估可持续性，而从混凝土的总成本和生产单位抗压强度的成本方面确定成本效益。观察到对照M40混凝土混合物的总 embodied carbon 为482.88 kgCO/m³。使用100 µm细度的5%至15%的ESP时，总 embodied carbon 成功降低，降幅为3.86%至11.60%。而使用50 µm细度的5%至15%时，降幅为3.69%至11.10%。50 µm细度的ESP与100 µm细度的ESP相比，生态强度效率略低；然而，两者都实现了相对较高的生态强度效率。在成本方面，掺入ESP导致总成本显著降低，并且生产1 MPa抗压强度更便宜。
