School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Behav Res Methods. 2023 Jun;55(4):2004-2020. doi: 10.3758/s13428-022-01903-7. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is a popular masking technique used to manipulate visual awareness. By presenting a rapidly changing stimulus to one eye (the 'mask'), a static image viewed by the other (the 'target') may remain invisible for many seconds. This effectiveness affords a means to assess unconscious visual processing, leading to the widespread use of CFS in several basic and clinical sciences. However, the lack of principled stimulus selection has impeded generalization of conclusions across studies, as the strength of interocular suppression is dependent on the spatiotemporal properties of the CFS mask and target. To address this, we created CFS-crafter, a point-and-click, open-source tool for creating carefully controlled CFS stimuli. The CFS-crafter provides a streamlined workflow to create, modify, and analyze mask and target stimuli, requiring only a rudimentary understanding of image processing that is well supported by help files in the application. Users can create CFS masks ranging from classic Mondrian patterns to those comprising objects or faces, or they can create, upload, and analyze their own images. Mask and target images can be custom-designed using image-processing operations performed in the frequency domain, including phase-scrambling and spatial/temporal/orientation filtering. By providing the means for the customization and analysis of CFS stimuli, the CFS-crafter offers controlled creation, analysis, and cross-study comparison. Thus, the CFS-crafter-with its easy-to-use image processing functionality-should facilitate the creation of visual conditions that allow a principled assessment of hypotheses about visual processing outside of awareness.
连续闪光抑制(CFS)是一种流行的掩蔽技术,用于操纵视觉意识。通过向一只眼睛(“掩蔽”)呈现快速变化的刺激,可以使另一只眼睛(“目标”)看到的静态图像在数秒内保持不可见。这种有效性为评估无意识视觉处理提供了一种手段,因此 CFS 在多个基础和临床科学中得到了广泛应用。然而,由于缺乏有原则的刺激选择,阻碍了研究之间结论的推广,因为眼间抑制的强度取决于 CFS 掩蔽和目标的时空特性。为了解决这个问题,我们创建了 CFS-crafter,这是一个用于创建精心控制的 CFS 刺激的点击式、开源工具。CFS-crafter 提供了一个简化的工作流程来创建、修改和分析掩蔽和目标刺激,只需要对图像处理有基本的了解,而应用程序中的帮助文件可以很好地支持这一点。用户可以创建从经典蒙德里安模式到包含物体或面孔的 CFS 掩蔽,也可以创建、上传和分析自己的图像。掩蔽和目标图像可以使用频域中的图像处理操作进行自定义设计,包括相位扰乱和空间/时间/方向滤波。通过提供 CFS 刺激的定制和分析手段,CFS-crafter 提供了受控的创建、分析和跨研究比较。因此,CFS-crafter 凭借其易于使用的图像处理功能,应该有助于创建视觉条件,从而可以对无意识视觉处理的假设进行有原则的评估。