Sun Liyuan, Zhu Li, Chen Sitong, Li Jiarui, Li Xuewei, Wang Kai, Zhao Mingwei
Department of Optometry, Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Ophthalmic Res. 2022;65(6):698-711. doi: 10.1159/000525744. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
Myopia is usually caused by excessive elongation of the eye during development. This condition is common worldwide. In clinical practice, the progression of myopia is commonly controlled through optical or drug measures, but the specific mechanisms underlying these two treatments remain unclear. To verify whether the effects of these two treatments on posterior-pole tissues are similar or different, we studied a set of common transcriptional changes in chicken models.
Chicks were divided into four groups, and they were given the intervention measures of plus-lens induction, minus-lens induction, minus-lens induction with atropine injection, and minus-lens induction with saline injection. Then, the genetic changes in each tissue at the posterior pole were detected, and the results of different genes were compared. A semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used to further study the visually induced changes in the transcription of potential candidate genes.
Based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the transcriptome, we identified variations between the differentially expressed transcripts in three tissues from the two treatment groups. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, eukaryotic protein translation elongation factor 1α2 (EEF1A2) was enriched in the "leishmaniasis" pathway in the choroid and showed increased expression in both the plus-lens induction and injection atropine groups. The expression levels of selected genes verified by quantitative real-time PCR were concordant with the RNA-seq data.
Overlapping differentially expressed mRNAs of only one-tenth could suggest a different mechanism of myopic defocus and intravitreal injection of atropine controlling myopia. EEF1A2 might play an important role in the choroid during the treatment of myopia.
近视通常是由眼睛在发育过程中过度伸长引起的。这种情况在全球都很常见。在临床实践中，近视的进展通常通过光学或药物措施来控制，但这两种治疗方法的具体机制仍不清楚。为了验证这两种治疗方法对后极组织的影响是相似还是不同，我们在鸡模型中研究了一组常见的转录变化。
将小鸡分为四组，分别给予正透镜诱导、负透镜诱导、阿托品注射联合负透镜诱导以及生理盐水注射联合负透镜诱导的干预措施。然后，检测后极各组织的基因变化，并比较不同基因的结果。采用半定量实时聚合酶链反应方法进一步研究视觉诱导的潜在候选基因转录变化。
基于转录组的RNA测序（RNA-seq）分析，我们确定了两个治疗组三个组织中差异表达转录本之间的差异。通过京都基因与基因组百科全书富集分析，真核生物蛋白质翻译延伸因子1α2（EEF1A2）在脉络膜的“利什曼病”途径中富集，并且在正透镜诱导组和阿托品注射组中均显示表达增加。通过定量实时PCR验证的所选基因的表达水平与RNA-seq数据一致。
仅十分之一的重叠差异表达mRNA可能提示近视性离焦和玻璃体内注射阿托品控制近视的机制不同。EEF1A2可能在近视治疗过程中在脉络膜中发挥重要作用。
