Research Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 1):113789. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113789. Epub 2022 Jul 5.
Nowadays, the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water resources and wastewater is of great importance due to environmental and health issues. Over the decades, various methods have been reported to remove pollutants from wastewater. Among the developed methods, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have received significant attention from researchers. In this study, we report the one-pot synthesis of graphene hydrogel-metal (GH-M, M: Co, Ni, Cu) nanocomposites via the combination of polyol and hydrothermal methods. The structure of the resulting nanocomposites was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy methods. Afterward, as-prepared GH-Cu, GH-Co, and GH-Ni nanocomposites were used to prepare cathodes for the electro-Fenton (EF) process to remove rifampicin (RIF) from polluted water. The effect of operational parameters, including current density (mA/cm), initial pH, initial RIF concentration (mg/L), and process time (min) was investigated via response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal values for current density, pH, initial RIF concentration, and process time using GH-Ni as cathode were 30 mA/cm, 5, 30 mg/L, and 90 min, respectively. The results at optimal values showed that the maximum RIF removal efficiency for GH-Cu, GH-Co, and GH-Ni cathodes was 90.47, 92.60, and 93.69%, respectively. Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses were performed to investigate the performance of the cathodes for the RIF removal. Finally, total organic carbon (TOC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analyses were performed for further investigation of the RIF removal from polluted water. The results claimed that one-pot synthesized GH-M cathodes can effectively remove RIF from polluted water through EF process.
如今，由于环境和健康问题，从水资源和废水中去除药物污染物变得非常重要。几十年来，已经报道了各种方法来从废水中去除污染物。在已开发的方法中，高级氧化工艺（AOPs）受到了研究人员的广泛关注。在本研究中，我们通过多元醇法和水热法的结合，报告了一种通过一锅法合成石墨烯水凝胶-金属（GH-M，M：Co、Ni、Cu）纳米复合材料的方法。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和拉曼光谱方法对所得纳米复合材料的结构进行了检查。随后，将制备的 GH-Cu、GH-Co 和 GH-Ni 纳米复合材料用作电芬顿（EF）过程的阴极，以去除污染水中的利福平（RIF）。通过响应面法（RSM）研究了操作参数，包括电流密度（mA/cm）、初始 pH 值、初始 RIF 浓度（mg/L）和处理时间（min）的影响。使用 GH-Ni 作为阴极时，电流密度、pH 值、初始 RIF 浓度和处理时间的最佳值分别为 30 mA/cm、5、30 mg/L 和 90 min。在最佳值下的结果表明，GH-Cu、GH-Co 和 GH-Ni 阴极的最大 RIF 去除效率分别为 90.47%、92.60%和 93.69%。进行了 Brunauer Emmett Teller（BET）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、能量色散 X 射线（EDX）和循环伏安法（CV）分析，以研究阴极对 RIF 去除的性能。最后，进行了总有机碳（TOC）、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和原子吸收光谱（AAS）分析，以进一步研究 RIF 从污染水中的去除。结果表明，一锅法合成的 GH-M 阴极可以通过 EF 过程有效地从污染水中去除 RIF。
