Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia.
J Med Eng Technol. 2022 Oct;46(7):567-589. doi: 10.1080/03091902.2022.2077998. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
Blood pressure (BP) is a vital health parameter that varies throughout the day. As a single reading of high BP may not indicate hypertension, continuous monitoring of BP is usually recommended by medical doctors to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension. In the last few decades, researchers have investigated cuff-less and continuous BP measurements based on pulse transit time (PTT). The main purpose of this research is to develop an autoregressive (ARX) system identification (SI)-based PTT calculation model using two PPG signals acquired from carotid and toe. The signals were recorded from 65 subjects with an age range between 20 and 60 years. The results of the study have been validated in two stages. The first validation comprised the estimated BP from PTT using SI compared to the measured BP using the cuff-based method for all subjects. The results of the estimated BP using the proposed method compared to the measured BP obtained using the standard BP cuff measurement method are highly correlated to both systolic blood pressure ( = 0.8132) and diastolic blood pressure ( = 0.8357). The second validation consisted of comparing PTT values using system identification to the results of the PTT derived from the ECG-PPG method. The results showed that both methods are highly correlated ( = 0.7808), and there is no significant difference between them ( < 0.05) with a slightly better PTT estimation related to DBP in the proposed method. Our results have proven that the PTT obtained from the carotid PPG and toe PPG using the system identification approach yielded SBP and DBP estimations that are consistent with the values of the conventional BP cuff method. The newly proposed method has the advantage of being cuff-less and able to provide continuous BP measurements.
血压（BP）是一个重要的健康参数，它在一天中会发生变化。由于单次高 BP 读数可能并不能表明高血压，因此医生通常建议连续监测 BP，以确认高血压的诊断。在过去几十年中，研究人员已经基于脉搏传输时间（PTT）研究了无袖带和连续 BP 测量。本研究的主要目的是开发一种基于自回归（ARX）系统辨识（SI）的 PTT 计算模型，该模型使用从颈动脉和脚趾采集的两个 PPG 信号。从年龄在 20 至 60 岁之间的 65 名受试者中记录了这些信号。该研究的结果已经在两个阶段进行了验证。第一阶段的验证包括使用 SI 从 PTT 估计 BP 与使用基于袖带的方法测量所有受试者的 BP 进行比较。与使用标准 BP 袖带测量方法获得的测量 BP 相比，使用所提出的方法估计 BP 的结果高度相关，与收缩压（ = 0.8132）和舒张压（ = 0.8357）都高度相关。第二阶段的验证包括比较使用 SI 的 PTT 值与从 ECG-PPG 方法得出的 PTT 值。结果表明，两种方法高度相关（ = 0.7808），且它们之间没有显著差异（ < 0.05），且在所提出的方法中与 DBP 相关的 PTT 估计值稍好。我们的结果证明，使用系统辨识方法从颈动脉 PPG 和脚趾 PPG 获得的 PTT 可以产生与传统 BP 袖带方法值一致的 SBP 和 DBP 估计值。新提出的方法具有无袖带和能够提供连续 BP 测量的优点。
