Fisheries and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory (Vice-Chancellor's Research Group), Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec;29(58):87319-87333. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21361-0. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
Lactic and formic acid are two commonly found monocarboxylic organic acids. Lactic acid is discharged into the water bodies as acidic industrial effluent from the food, cosmetic, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, whereas formic acid is discharged from various paper, leather tanning, and textile processing industries. The present study investigated the toxicity of both organic acids upon the benthic oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC) values for lactic and formic acid are determined as 143.81 mg/l and 57.99 mg/l respectively. The effects of two sublethal concentrations (10% and 30% of 96 h LC) of these acids on differential expression of oxidative stress enzymes are investigated. The comparative analysis of acute toxicity demonstrates that formic acid exposure is more detrimental to T. tubifex than lactic acid. The in silico structural analysis predicts that formic acid can interact with cytochrome c oxidase of the electron transport system and thereby inhibits its functionality and induces reactive oxygen species production. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis illustrates that overall oxidative stress of formic acid to T. tubifex is significantly higher than that of lactic acid, which supports the structural analysis. It is concluded from this study that toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic and species sensitivity distributions studies are helpful for ecological risk management of environmental toxicants.
乳酸和甲酸是两种常见的单羧酸有机化合物。乳酸作为酸性工业废水从食品、化妆品、化学和制药等工业排放到水体中，而甲酸则从各种造纸、皮革鞣制和纺织加工等工业排放。本研究调查了这两种有机酸对底栖寡毛类蠕虫 T. tubifex 的毒性。乳酸和甲酸的 96 小时半致死浓度（LC）值分别确定为 143.81mg/L 和 57.99mg/L。研究了这两种酸的两个亚致死浓度（96 小时 LC 的 10%和 30%）对氧化应激酶差异表达的影响。急性毒性的比较分析表明，甲酸暴露对 T. tubifex 的危害大于乳酸。基于结构的分析预测，甲酸可以与电子传递系统中的细胞色素 c 氧化酶相互作用，从而抑制其功能并诱导活性氧物质的产生。综合生物标志物响应（IBR）分析表明，甲酸对 T. tubifex 的总体氧化应激显著高于乳酸，这支持了结构分析的结果。本研究得出的结论是，毒代动力学-毒效动力学和物种敏感性分布研究有助于环境毒物的生态风险管理。
