Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 8;11(7):4. doi: 10.1167/tvst.11.7.4.
The present study investigated the long-lasting effect of prematurity, prenatal growth restriction, and associated factors on foveal and peripapillary choroidal thickness in adulthood.
The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES) is a retrospective cohort study with a prospective ophthalmologic examination in Germany. Foveal and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were measured at different sectors using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine associations among gestational age, birth weight percentile, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurrence and treatment, and other perinatal factors, such as maternal smoking and others with foveal and global peripapillary choroidal thickness.
A total of 735 eyes of 408 study participants were included (age = 28.4 ± 8.6 years, 229 women). Multivariable regression analyses revealed that foveal choroidal thinning was associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy (B = -38.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -65.5 to -10.7, P = 0.006), whereas other perinatal factors revealed no association. Global peripapillary choroidal thinning showed a trend to a lower birth weight percentile (B = 0.22, 95% CI = -0.01 to 0.45, P = 0.057). No correlation was observed between foveal and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses with visual acuity.
This study indicates that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy has adverse long-lasting effects on choroidal development in the fovea and low birth weight percentile as a surrogate marker for adverse perinatal growth might be linked with peripapillary choroidal thinning whereas prematurity showed no long-term effects.
Altered choroidal layer development caused by perinatal influence factors might be a risk factor for reduced visual function and predispose affected individuals to eye diseases in later life.
本研究旨在探讨早产儿、产前生长受限及其相关因素对成年人黄斑和视盘周围脉络膜厚度的长期影响。
本研究为德国回顾性队列研究，采用前瞻性眼科检查。使用频域光相干断层扫描（SD-OCT）在不同区域测量黄斑和视盘周围脉络膜的厚度。多变量线性回归分析用于确定胎龄、出生体重百分位数、早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的发生和治疗以及其他围产期因素（如母亲吸烟等）与黄斑和全局视盘周围脉络膜厚度之间的关系。
本研究共纳入 408 名研究参与者的 735 只眼（年龄 28.4±8.6 岁，女性 229 名）。多变量回归分析显示，黄斑区脉络膜变薄与母亲孕期吸烟有关（B=-38.1，95%置信区间 [CI]为-65.5 至-10.7，P=0.006），而其他围产期因素则无关联。全局视盘周围脉络膜变薄与较低的出生体重百分位数呈趋势性相关（B=0.22，95%CI 为-0.01 至 0.45，P=0.057）。黄斑区和视盘周围脉络膜厚度与视力之间无相关性。
本研究表明，母亲孕期吸烟对黄斑和视盘中心凹处的脉络膜发育有不良的长期影响，而低出生体重百分位数可能与视盘周围脉络膜变薄有关，作为不良围产期生长的替代标志物，而早产则无长期影响。
吴佳妮
