University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, UK.
Biosystems. 2022 Oct;220:104718. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104718. Epub 2022 Jul 5.
The digitization of inheritable information in the genome has been called the 'algorithmic take-over of biology'. The McClintock discovery that viral software based transposable elements that conduct cut-paste (transposon) and copy-paste (retrotransposon) operations are needed for genomic evolvability underscores the truism that only software can change software and also that viral hacking by internal and external bio-malware is the Achilles heel of genomic digital systems. There was a paradigm shift in genomic information processing with the Adaptive Immune System (AIS) 500 mya followed by the Mirror Neuron System (MNS), latterly mostly in primate brains, which reaches its apogee in human social cognition. The AIS and MNS involve distinctive Gödelian features of self-reference (Self-Ref) and offline virtual self-representation (Self-Rep) for complex self-other interaction with prodigious open-ended capacity for anticipative malware detection and novelty production within a unique blockchain distributed ledger (BCDL). The role of self-referential information processing, often considered to be central to the sentient self with origins in the immune system 'Thymic self', is shown to be part of the Gödel logic behind a generator-selector framework at a molecular level, which exerts stringent selection criteria to maintain genomic BCDL. The latter manifests digital and decentralized record keeping where no internal or external bio-malware can compromise the immutability of the life's building blocks and no novel blocks can be added that is not consistent with extant blocks. This is demonstrated with regard to somatic hypermutation with novel anti-body production in the face of external non-self antigen attacks.
基因组中可遗传信息的数字化已被称为“生物学的算法接管”。麦克林托克(McClintock)的发现表明,需要基于病毒软件的转座元件(可进行剪切粘贴的转座子和拷贝粘贴的反转座子)来实现基因组的可进化性,这突显了一个真理,即只有软件可以改变软件,而且内部和外部的生物恶意软件对病毒的攻击是基因组数字系统的阿喀琉斯之踵。自从 5 亿年前出现适应性免疫系统(AIS)以来,基因组信息处理发生了范式转变,随后是镜像神经元系统(MNS),后者主要存在于灵长类动物的大脑中,在人类的社会认知中达到了顶峰。AIS 和 MNS 涉及到自我参照(Self-Ref)和离线虚拟自我表现(Self-Rep)的独特哥德尔特征,用于复杂的自我与他人之间的相互作用,具有巨大的、无穷无尽的能力,可以在独特的区块链分布式账本(BCDL)中检测和产生新颖性。自我参照信息处理的作用,通常被认为是起源于免疫系统“胸腺自我”的有感知自我的核心,事实证明,它是分子水平上生成器-选择器框架背后的哥德尔逻辑的一部分,该框架对基因组 BCDL 施加了严格的选择标准。后者表现出数字和分散的记录保存,其中内部或外部的生物恶意软件都无法损害生命构建块的不变性,并且不能添加与现有块不一致的新块。这在面对外部非自我抗原攻击时,通过体细胞超突变和新抗体的产生得到了证明。