Teaching Center, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, BT 87, Vienna, Austria.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jul 8;22(1):886. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08273-y.
A multiplicity of qualities and behaviours are considered essential in a good doctor and are identified in various medical profession frameworks. However, there is no consensus as to their meaning or even agreement on fundamental qualities. The authors wanted to examine the importance placed by the Austrian public on the professional and personal traits of ideal physicians. Competencies were used to create different types of 'good doctor' and then examined to discover how these can be integrated into existing medical professionalism frameworks.
A 69-item Likert scale-based questionnaire was developed and administered via telephone interview to 1,000 subjects. Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were carried out by the Austrian GALLUP-Institute. An explorative factor analysis with promax rotation was undertaken to summarise the interrelationships among variables.
Factor analysis identified six interpretable factors which we define as six different types of doctors: the dutiful doctor, the online health-celebrity, the medical expert, the service physician, the medical altruist, and the ethical agent. The items perceived as most important were 'takes time', 'listens', and 'makes correct diagnoses'. Outcome measures of internal consistency and reliability estimates (Cronbach´s alpha, 0.69-0.86) for each element.
The six types of physicians may be a step toward recognizing the professional behaviour of all physicians, their actions as healers, and their commitment to moral concepts, values, and needs of their patients, and society. According to our results, the public has expectations of good doctors that go beyond the scope within the medical professionalism frameworks. Therefore, these guidelines should be adapted in light of the changing expectations and needs of the general population.
人们认为优秀医生应具备多种素质和行为，并在各种医学职业框架中对其进行了定义。然而，对于这些素质的含义，甚至对于基本素质本身，尚未达成共识。作者希望研究奥地利公众对理想医生的专业和个人特质的重视程度。本研究使用能力来构建不同类型的“好医生”，并对其进行研究，以了解如何将这些能力纳入现有的医学专业主义框架中。
开发了一个基于 69 项李克特量表的问卷，并通过电话访谈对 1000 名受访者进行了调查。CATI 由奥地利盖洛普研究所进行。采用 promax 旋转的探索性因子分析来总结变量之间的相互关系。
因子分析确定了六个可解释的因子，我们将其定义为六种不同类型的医生：尽职的医生、网络健康名人、医学专家、服务医生、医学利他主义者和道德代理人。被认为最重要的项目是“花时间”、“倾听”和“做出正确诊断”。每个要素的内部一致性和可靠性评估的结果测量指标（Cronbach 的α，0.69-0.86）。
这六种类型的医生可能是朝着认识所有医生的专业行为、他们作为治疗者的行动以及他们对道德观念、价值观和患者以及社会需求的承诺迈出的一步。根据我们的研究结果，公众对好医生的期望超出了医学专业主义框架的范围。因此，应根据公众不断变化的期望和需求来调整这些准则。
