pv. Virulence Factors Are Involved in Resistance to Plant-Derived Antimicrobials during Infection.

Bacteria are exposed to and tolerate diverse and potentially toxic compounds in the natural environment. While efflux transporters are generally thought to involve bacterial antibiotic resistance in vitro, their contributions to plant bacterial virulence have so far been poorly understood. pv. () is a causal agent of bacterial blight of Brassicaceae. We here demonstrated that NU19, which is mutated in the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) transporter encoded gene, showed reduced virulence on cabbage compared to WT, indicating that the RND transporter contributes to virulence on cabbage. We also demonstrated that brassinin biosynthesis was induced after infection. Additionally, the RND transporter was involved in resistance to plant-derived antimicrobials and antibiotics, including the cabbage phytoalexin brassinin. These results suggest that the RND transporter extrudes plant-derived antimicrobials and contributes to virulence. We also found that the RND transporter contributes to virulence on Brassicaceae and tomato, but not on oat. These results suggest that the RND transporter contributes to virulence differentially depending on the host-plant species. Lastly, our expression-profile analysis indicated that the type-three secretion system (TTSS), which is essential for pathogenesis, is also involved in suppressing brassinin biosynthesis. Taken together, our results suggest that several virulence factors are involved in resistance to plant-derived antimicrobials and bacterial survival during infection.