Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 21;14(13):2564. doi: 10.3390/nu14132564.
Radial glia-like cells in the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex are neural precursors (NPs) located near subventricular organs: median eminence and area postrema, respectively. Their strategic position can detect blood-borne nutrients, hormones, and mitogenic signals. Hypothalamic NPs increase their proliferation with a mechanism that involves hemichannel (HC) activity. NPs can originate new neurons in response to a short-term high-fat diet as a compensatory mechanism. The effects of high carbohydrate Western diets on adult neurogenesis are unknown. Although sugars are usually consumed as sucrose, more free fructose is now incorporated into food items. Here, we studied the proliferation of both types of NPs in Sprague Dawley rats exposed to a short-term high sucrose diet (HSD) and a control diet. In tanycyte cultures, we evaluated the effects of glucose and fructose and a mix of both hexoses on HC activity. In rats fed an HSD, we observed an increase in the proliferative state of both precursors. Glucose, either in the presence or absence of fructose, but not fructose alone, induced in vitro HC activity. These results should broaden the understanding of the nutrient monitoring capacity of NPs in reacting to changes in feeding behavior, specifically to high sugar western diets.
下丘脑和迷走神经复合体中的放射状胶质样细胞是位于脑室下器官附近的神经前体细胞（NPs）：分别为正中隆起和后极。它们的战略位置可以检测到血液中的营养物质、激素和有丝分裂信号。下丘脑 NPs 通过涉及半通道（HC）活性的机制增加其增殖。NPs 可以在短期高脂肪饮食的刺激下产生新的神经元，作为一种补偿机制。高碳水化合物西方饮食对成年神经发生的影响尚不清楚。尽管糖通常以蔗糖的形式被消耗，但现在更多的游离果糖被添加到食物中。在这里，我们研究了短期高蔗糖饮食（HSD）和对照饮食暴露下 Sprague Dawley 大鼠中这两种 NPs 的增殖情况。在 tanycyte 培养物中，我们评估了葡萄糖和果糖以及两种己糖混合物对 HC 活性的影响。在喂食 HSD 的大鼠中，我们观察到两种前体细胞的增殖状态都增加了。无论是有还是没有果糖的情况下，葡萄糖都会在体外诱导 HC 活性。这些结果应该拓宽对 NPs 监测营养变化的能力的理解，特别是对高糖西方饮食的反应。
