Zouhdi Zakaria, Ratni Badreddine, Burokur Shah Nawaz
LEME, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, F92410 Ville d'Avray, France.
Naval Group, Naval Research, 83190 Ollioules, France.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jul 1;22(13):4990. doi: 10.3390/s22134990.
Metasurfaces (MSs) have enabled the emergence of new ideas and solutions in the design of antennas and for the control of electromagnetic waves. In this work, we propose to design a directional high-gain reconfigurable planar antenna based on a phase-modulated metasurface. Reconfigurability is achieved by integrating varactor diodes into the elementary meta-atoms composing the metasurface. As a proof of concept, a metasurface prototype that operates around 5 GHz is designed and fabricated to be tested in an antenna configuration. The metasurface is flexibly controlled by different bias voltages applied to the varactor diodes, thus allowing the user to control its phase characteristics. By assigning judiciously calculated phase profiles to the metasurface illuminated by a feeding primary source, different scenarios of far-field patterns can be considered. Different phase profiles are tested, allowing us to, firstly, achieve a highly directive boresight radiation and, secondly, to steer the main radiated beam towards an off-normal direction. The whole design process is verified by numerical simulations and is validated experimentally by far-field antenna measurements. The proposed metasurface enables the design of directive flat antennas with beam-scanning characteristics without complex feeding systems and power-consuming phase shifters, and thus provides potential interests for next generation antenna hardware.
超表面（MSs）在天线设计和电磁波控制方面催生了新的理念和解决方案。在这项工作中，我们提议基于相位调制超表面设计一种定向高增益可重构平面天线。通过将变容二极管集成到构成超表面的基本元原子中来实现可重构性。作为概念验证，设计并制作了一个工作在5GHz左右的超表面原型，以便在天线配置中进行测试。超表面由施加到变容二极管的不同偏置电压灵活控制，从而允许用户控制其相位特性。通过为馈电主源照射的超表面分配经过审慎计算的相位分布，可以考虑不同的远场方向图场景。测试了不同的相位分布，使我们首先能够实现高指向性的视轴辐射，其次能够将主辐射波束指向非法线方向。整个设计过程通过数值模拟进行了验证，并通过远场天线测量进行了实验验证。所提出的超表面能够设计具有波束扫描特性的定向平面天线，而无需复杂的馈电系统和耗能的移相器，因此为下一代天线硬件提供了潜在的应用价值。
